{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T02:33:06Z","timestamp":1784601186771,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,29]],"date-time":"2017-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vicerrector\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n of Universidad de Antioquia (CODI)","award":["MDC-10-1-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MDC-10-1-6"]}]},{"name":"Fondo Nacional de Regal\u00edas de la Rep\u00fablica de Colombia","award":["139C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["139C"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The traditional neurosurgical apprenticeship scheme includes the assessment of trainee\u2019s manual skills carried out by experienced surgeons. However, the introduction of surgical simulation technology presents a new paradigm where residents can refine surgical techniques on a simulator before putting them into practice in real patients. Unfortunately, in this new scheme, an experienced surgeon will not always be available to evaluate trainee\u2019s performance. For this reason, it is necessary to develop automatic mechanisms to estimate metrics for assessing manual dexterity in a quantitative way. Authors have proposed some hardware-software approaches to evaluate manual dexterity on surgical simulators. This paper presents IGlove, a wearable device that uses inertial sensors embedded on an elastic glove to capture hand movements. Metrics to assess manual dexterity are estimated from sensors signals using data processing and information analysis algorithms. It has been designed to be used with a neurosurgical simulator called Daubara NS Trainer, but can be easily adapted to another benchtop- and manikin-based medical simulators. The system was tested with a sample of 14 volunteers who performed a test that was designed to simultaneously evaluate their fine motor skills and the IGlove\u2019s functionalities. Metrics obtained by each of the participants are presented as results in this work; it is also shown how these metrics are used to automatically evaluate the level of manual dexterity of each volunteer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17050988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]],"date-time":"2017-05-02T11:37:20Z","timestamp":1493725040000},"page":"988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["An Instrumented Glove to Assess Manual Dexterity in Simulation-Based Neurosurgical Education"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Lemos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinstrumentation and Clinical Engineering Research Group\u2014GIBIC, Bioengineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medell\u00edn 050010, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alher","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinstrumentation and Clinical Engineering Research Group\u2014GIBIC, Bioengineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medell\u00edn 050010, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georges","family":"Soto-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAAS-CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse 31400, France"},{"name":"ISIFC, Universit\u00e9 de Franche-Comt\u00e9, Besan\u00e7on 25000, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000089","article-title":"Sensory and motor skill testing in neurosurgery applicants: A pilot study using a virtual reality haptic neurosurgical simulator","volume":"73","author":"Roitberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4020","article-title":"Surgeons and cognitive processes","volume":"90","author":"Hall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. 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