{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T14:48:10Z","timestamp":1784213290714,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,4]],"date-time":"2017-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Smart and Networking Underwater Robots in Cooperation Meshes","award":["n. 662107-SWARMs-ECSEL-2014-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n. 662107-SWARMs-ECSEL-2014-1"]}]},{"name":"ECSEL JU and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","award":["Ref: PCIN-2014-022-C02-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ref: PCIN-2014-022-C02-02"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FCT; ECSEL\/0002\/2014; ECSEL\/0003\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT; ECSEL\/0002\/2014; ECSEL\/0003\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of the Smart and Networking Underwater Robots in Cooperation Meshes (SWARMs) project is to make autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), remote operated vehicles (ROVs) and unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) more accessible and useful. To achieve cooperation and communication between different AUVs, these must be able to exchange messages, so an efficient and reliable communication network is necessary for SWARMs. In order to provide an efficient and reliable communication network for mission execution, one of the important and necessary issues is the topology control of the network of AUVs that are cooperating underwater. However, due to the specific properties of an underwater AUV cooperation network, such as the high mobility of AUVs, large transmission delays, low bandwidth, etc., the traditional topology control algorithms primarily designed for terrestrial wireless sensor networks cannot be used directly in the underwater environment. Moreover, these algorithms, in which the nodes adjust their transmission power once the current transmission power does not equal an optimal one, are costly in an underwater cooperating AUV network. Considering these facts, in this paper, we propose a Probabilistic Topology Control (PTC) algorithm for an underwater cooperating AUV network. In PTC, when the transmission power of an AUV is not equal to the optimal transmission power, then whether the transmission power needs to be adjusted or not will be determined based on the AUV\u2019s parameters. Each AUV determines their own transmission power adjustment probability based on the parameter deviations. The larger the deviation, the higher the transmission power adjustment probability is, and vice versa. For evaluating the performance of PTC, we combine the PTC algorithm with the Fuzzy logic Topology Control (FTC) algorithm and compare the performance of these two algorithms. The simulation results have demonstrated that the PTC is efficient at reducing the transmission power adjustment ratio while improving the network performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17051022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,4]],"date-time":"2017-05-04T11:44:18Z","timestamp":1493898258000},"page":"1022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["A Probabilistic and Highly Efficient Topology Control Algorithm for Underwater Cooperating AUV Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8567-4025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda y Sistemas de Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Campus Sur Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), 28031 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baran","family":"C\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Intelligent Future Technologies, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Malardalen University, 721 23 V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaquim","family":"Bastos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Sucasas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda y Sistemas de Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Campus Sur Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), 28031 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benson, B., Kastner, R., Faunce, B., Domond, K., and Schurgers, C. 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