{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T21:57:39Z","timestamp":1768427859549,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,4]],"date-time":"2017-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"China-European Research Cooperation Funding Projects of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Energy-saving and Emission-reduction","award":["SQ2013ZOA000004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SQ2013ZOA000004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) are non-contact, ultrasonic transducers that are usually kept within 5 mm from the sample surface to obtain a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). One important issue associated with operation on a ferromagnetic plate is that the strong attraction force from the magnet can affect measurements and make scanning difficult. This paper investigates a method to generate fundamental, symmetric Lamb waves on a ferromagnetic plate. A coil-only, low-weight, generation EMAT is designed and investigated, operating at lift-offs of over 5 mm. Another design of an EMAT is investigated using a rectangular magnet with a much higher lift-off than the coil, of up to 19 mm. This results in a much lower force between the EMAT and sample, making scanning the EMAT much easier.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17051023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,4]],"date-time":"2017-05-04T11:44:18Z","timestamp":1493898258000},"page":"1023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["A New Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer Design for Generating and Receiving S0 Lamb Waves in Ferromagnetic Steel Plate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jianpeng","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rolling Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1809-7413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ndteint.2016.11.010","article-title":"Circumferential guided wave EMAT system for pipeline screening using shear horizontal ultrasound","volume":"86","author":"Clough","year":"2017","journal-title":"NDT E Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ndteint.2015.05.005","article-title":"Weld defect detection using PPM EMAT generated shear horizontal ultrasound","volume":"74","author":"Petcher","year":"2015","journal-title":"NDT E Int."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ndteint.2016.11.008","article-title":"Enhancement of Ultrasonic Signal Using a New Design of Rayleigh-Wave Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer","volume":"86","author":"Kang","year":"2017","journal-title":"NDT E Int."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19687","DOI":"10.3390\/s141019687","article-title":"Influence of the lift-off effect on the cut-off frequency of the EMAT-generated Rayleigh wave signal","volume":"14","author":"Yi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ndteint.2014.07.009","article-title":"High temperature thickness measurements of stainless steel and low carbon steel using electromagnetic acoustic transducer","volume":"68","author":"Burrows","year":"2014","journal-title":"NDT E Int."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultras.2013.11.011","article-title":"Shear horizontal (SH) ultrasound wave propagation around smooth corners","volume":"54","author":"Petcher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3458","DOI":"10.3390\/s140203458","article-title":"A new omni-directional EMAT for ultrasonic Lamb wave tomography imaging of metallic plate defects","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ndteint.2013.12.009","article-title":"Frequency dependent directivity of periodic permanent magnet electromagnetic acoustic transducers","volume":"62","author":"Hill","year":"2014","journal-title":"NDT E Int."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3471","DOI":"10.3390\/s150203471","article-title":"Enhancement of the Excitation Efficiency of a Torsional Wave PPM EMAT array for Pipe Inspection by Optimizing the Element Number of the array Based on 3-D FEM","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/37\/16\/011","article-title":"Enhancement of the Rayleigh wave signal at surface defects","volume":"37","author":"Edwards","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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