{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T11:47:50Z","timestamp":1769600870775,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,6]],"date-time":"2017-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The refractive index of a lens varies for different wavelengths of light, and thus the same incident light with different wavelengths has different outgoing light. This characteristic of lenses causes images captured by a color camera to display chromatic aberration (CA), which seriously reduces image quality. Based on an analysis of the distribution of CA, a full-field calibration method based on absolute phase maps is proposed in this paper. Red, green, and blue closed sinusoidal fringe patterns are generated, consecutively displayed on an LCD (liquid crystal display), and captured by a color camera from the front viewpoint. The phase information of each color fringe is obtained using a four-step phase-shifting algorithm and optimum fringe number selection method. CA causes the unwrapped phase of the three channels to differ. These pixel deviations can be computed by comparing the unwrapped phase data of the red, blue, and green channels in polar coordinates. CA calibration is accomplished in Cartesian coordinates. The systematic errors introduced by the LCD are analyzed and corrected. Simulated results show the validity of the proposed method and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed full-field calibration method based on absolute phase maps will be useful for practical software-based CA calibration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17051048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,8]],"date-time":"2017-05-08T11:45:16Z","timestamp":1494243916000},"page":"1048","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Full-Field Calibration of Color Camera Chromatic Aberration using Absolute Phase Maps"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shujun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6645-6647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zonghua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China"},{"name":"Centre for Precision Technologies, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3835-6929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Precision Technologies, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangqian","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Precision Technologies, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2017, February 12). Apochromatic (APO) lens in binoculars. Available online: http:\/\/www.bestbinocularsreviews.com\/blog\/apochromatic-apo-lenses-in-binoculars-03\/."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"733","article-title":"Account of some experiments concerning the different re-frangibility of light","volume":"50","author":"Dollond","year":"1759","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"40","article-title":"Camera collection and appreciation","volume":"6","author":"Shen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Camera"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2017, February 19). ED lens. Available online: http:\/\/baike.sogou.com\/v54981934.html."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (2017, March 19). Perfect colors, captured with one ultra-thin lens. Available online: http:\/\/www.seas.harvard.edu\/news\/2015\/02\/perfect-colors-captured-with-one-ultra-thin-lens."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Zhang, R., Zhou, M., and Jian, X. (2005). Compensation method of image chromatic aberration. (CN1612028A), Patent."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Sterk, P., Mu, L., and Driem, A. (2013). Method and device for dealing with chromatic aberration and purple stripes. (N103209330 A), Patent."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2009.04.010","article-title":"Compensating lateral chromatic aberration of a colour fringe projection system for shape metrology","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt. Lasers Eng."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"2063","article-title":"Active lens control for high precision computer imaging","volume":"3","author":"Willson","year":"1991","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Rob. Autom."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Boult, T., and George, W. (1992, January 15\u201318). Correcting chromatic aberrations using image warping. Proceedings of the 1992 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Champaign, IL, USA."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Kaufmann, V., and Ladstadterr, R. (October, January 26). Elimination of color fringes in digital photographs caused by lateral chromatic aberration. Proceedings of the CIPA 2005 XX International Symposium, Torino, Italy."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2006.06.013","article-title":"Calibration and removal of lateral chromatic aberration in images","volume":"28","author":"Mallon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn. Lett."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"067002","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3455506","article-title":"Removing chromatic aberration by digital image processing","volume":"49","author":"Chung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt. Eng."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2012.2228489","article-title":"Correction of axial and lateral chromatic aberration with false color filtering","volume":"22","author":"Chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, J., Xue, Q., Wang, Z., and Gao, J. (2016). Analysis and compensation for lateral chromatic aberration in color coding structured light 3D measurement system. Sensors, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16091426"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malacara, D. (2007). Phase shifting interferometry. Optical Shop Testing, Wiley-Interscience. [3rd ed.].","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470135976"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2009.04.003","article-title":"Comparison of Fourier transform, windowed Fourier transform, and wavelet transform methods for phase extraction from a single fringe pattern in fringe projection profilometry","volume":"48","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt. Lasers Eng."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Creath, K. (1988). Phase Measurement Interferometry Techniques, Elsevier Science Publishers.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6638(08)70178-1"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2012.03.009","article-title":"An absolute phase technique for 3D profile measurement using four-step structured light pattern","volume":"50","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt. Lasers Eng."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"19493","article-title":"High-speed three-dimensional profilometry for multiple objects with complex shapes","volume":"20","author":"Zuo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20253","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.24.020253","article-title":"Real-time 3-D shape measurement with composite phase-shifting fringes and multi-view system","volume":"18","author":"Tao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Opt. Express."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2013.02.012","article-title":"High-speed three-dimensional shape measurement for dynamic scenes using bi-frequency tri-polar pulse width-modulation fringe projection","volume":"51","author":"Zuo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Opt. Lasers Eng."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.28.000887","article-title":"Optimum frequency selection in multi-frequency interferometry","volume":"28","author":"Towers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6444","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.14.006444","article-title":"Time efficient color fringe projection system for simultaneous 3D shape and color using optimum 3-frequency selection","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Opt. Express."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2016.04.022","article-title":"Temporal phase unwrapped algorithms for fringe projection profilometry: A comparative review","volume":"85","author":"Zuo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Opt. Lasers Eng."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21846","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.24.021846","article-title":"Suppression of projector distortion in phase-measuring profilometry by projecting adaptive fringe patterns","volume":"24","author":"Peng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Opt. Express."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"064101","DOI":"10.1117\/1.OE.54.6.064101","article-title":"Pixel-to-pixel correspondence alignment method of a 2CCD camera by using absolute phase map","volume":"54","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Opt. Eng."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"(2017, February 19). Working principle of TFT-LCD. Available online: http:\/\/www.newmaker.com\/disp_art\/124\/12061.html."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"(2017, April 17). Camera Calibration Toolbox for Matlab. Available online: http:\/\/www.vision.caltech.edu\/bouguetj\/calib_doc\/htmls\/example.html."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/5\/1048\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:34:54Z","timestamp":1760207694000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/5\/1048"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,6]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["s17051048"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s17051048","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,6]]}}}