{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T04:21:06Z","timestamp":1778905266899,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,31]],"date-time":"2017-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004919","name":"King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12-NAN3021-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12-NAN3021-04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004919","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A new in-process atomic-force microscopy (AFM) based inspection is presented for nanolithography to compensate for any deviation such as instantaneous degradation of the lithography probe tip. Traditional method used the AFM probes for lithography work and retract to inspect the obtained feature but this practice degrades the probe tip shape and hence, affects the measurement quality. This paper suggests a second dedicated lithography probe that is positioned back-to-back to the AFM probe under two synchronized controllers to correct any deviation in the process compared to specifications. This method shows that the quality improvement of the nanomachining, in progress probe tip wear, and better understanding of nanomachining. The system is hosted in a recently developed nanomanipulator for educational and research purposes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17061194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,31]],"date-time":"2017-05-31T10:41:04Z","timestamp":1496227264000},"page":"1194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["In-Process Atomic-Force Microscopy (AFM) Based Inspection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2448-1497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samir","family":"Mekid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1108\/14636680710821089","article-title":"Foresight formulation in innovative production, automation and control systems","volume":"9","author":"Mekid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Foresight"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Tanigushi, N. 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