{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T15:41:28Z","timestamp":1765294888225,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,5]],"date-time":"2017-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Magnetic lateral flow strip (MLFS) based on magnetic bead (MB) and smart phone camera has been developed for quantitative detection of cocaine (CC) in urine samples. CC and CC-bovine serum albumin (CC-BSA) could competitively react with MB-antibody (MB-Ab) of CC on the surface of test line of MLFS. The color of MB-Ab conjugate on the test line relates to the concentration of target in the competition immunoassay format, which can be used as a visual signal. Furthermore, the color density of the MB-Ab conjugate can be transferred into digital signal (gray value) by a smart phone, which can be used as a quantitative signal. The linear detection range for CC is 5\u2013500 ng\/mL and the relative standard deviations are under 10%. The visual limit of detection was 5 ng\/mL and the whole analysis time was within 10 min. The MLFS has been successfully employed for the detection of CC in urine samples without sample pre-treatment and the result is also agreed to that of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). With the popularization of smart phone cameras, the MLFS has large potential in the detection of drug residues in virtue of its stability, speediness, and low-cost.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17061286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]],"date-time":"2017-06-06T10:53:09Z","timestamp":1496746389000},"page":"1286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Magnetic Lateral Flow Strip for the Detection of Cocaine in Urine by Naked Eyes and Smart Phone Camera"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, 95 Yong-an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China"},{"name":"Analytical &amp; Testing Center of Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"given":"Mingling","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2805-3919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, 95 Yong-an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0057-9182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, 95 Yong-an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China"}]},{"given":"Mengxia","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytical &amp; Testing Center of Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"given":"Yiping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60464-4","article-title":"Development of a Rational Scale to Assess the Harm of Drugs of Potential Misuse","volume":"369","author":"Nutt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2010.03629.x","article-title":"Role of Voltage-Gated Sodium, Potassium and Calcium Channels in the Development of Cocaine-Associated Cardiac Arrhythmias","volume":"69","author":"Hancox","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. 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