{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T02:52:51Z","timestamp":1761706371945,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]],"date-time":"2017-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since articular cartilage has a limited regeneration potential, for developing biological therapies for cartilage regeneration it is important to study the mechanisms underlying chondrogenesis of stem cells. Bioluminescence assays can visualize a wide range of biological phenomena such as gene expression, signaling, metabolism, development, cellular movements, and molecular interactions by using visible light and thus contribute substantially to elucidation of their biological functions. This article gives a concise review to introduce basic principles of bioluminescence assays and applications of the technology to visualize the processes of chondrogenesis and cartilage regeneration. Applications of bioluminescence assays have been highlighted in the methods of real-time monitoring of gene expression and intracellular levels of biomolecules and noninvasive cell tracking within animal models. This review suggests that bioluminescence assays can be applied towards a visual understanding of chondrogenesis and cartilage regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17061306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]],"date-time":"2017-06-06T10:53:09Z","timestamp":1496746389000},"page":"1306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Bioluminescence Assays for Monitoring Chondrogenic Differentiation and Cartilage Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Hyeon","family":"Je","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Gyeonggi 13135, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Gyeonggi 13135, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyuck","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Gyeonggi 13135, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199812000-00011","article-title":"Current concepts review\u2014The healing and regeneration of articular cartilage","volume":"80","year":"1998","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260062201","article-title":"Articular cartilage lesions of the knee","volume":"26","author":"Mandelbaum","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. 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