{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T13:48:07Z","timestamp":1762004887163,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,9]],"date-time":"2017-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union Seventh Framework Program","award":["606983"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["606983"]}]},{"name":"AQ Regione Lombardia-CNR","award":["364 18091\/RCC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["364 18091\/RCC"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The triangle method has been applied to derive a weekly indicator of evaporative fraction on vegetated areas in a temperate region in Northern Italy. Daily MODIS Aqua Land Surface Temperature (MYD11A1) data has been combined with air temperature maps and 8-day composite MODIS NDVI (MOD13Q1\/MYD13Q1) data to estimate the Evaporative Fraction (EF) at 1 km resolution, on a daily basis. Measurements at two eddy covariance towers located within the study area have been exploited to assess the reliability of satellite based EF estimations as well as the robustness of input data. Weekly syntheses of the daily EF indicator (EFw) were then derived at regional scale for the years 2010, 2011 and 2012 as a proxy of overall surface moisture condition. EFw showed a temporal behavior consistent with growing cycles and agro-practices of the main crops cultivated in the study area (rice, forages and corn). Comparison with official regional corn yield data showed that variations in EFw cumulated over summer are related with crop production shortages induced by water scarcity. These results suggest that weekly-averaged EF estimated from MODIS data is sensible to water stress conditions and can be used as an indicator of crops\u2019 moisture conditions at agronomical district level. Advantages and disadvantages of the proposed approach to provide information useful to issue operational near real time bulletins on crop conditions at regional scale are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17061338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,9]],"date-time":"2017-06-09T10:29:59Z","timestamp":1497004199000},"page":"1338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Weekly Indicator of Surface Moisture Status from Satellite Data for Operational Monitoring of Crop Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Nutini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, Italian National Research Council, Via Bassini 15, Milano 20133, Italy"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Stroppiana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, Italian National Research Council, Via Bassini 15, Milano 20133, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9634-6038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Busetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, Italian National Research Council, Via Bassini 15, Milano 20133, Italy"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Bellingeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARPA Lombardia, Lombardy Environmental Protection Agency, Via Ippolito Rosellini 17, Milano 20124, Italy"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Corbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Mancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Zini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARPA Lombardia, Lombardy Environmental Protection Agency, Via Ippolito Rosellini 17, Milano 20124, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5477-3194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Brivio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, Italian National Research Council, Via Bassini 15, Milano 20133, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2156-4166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirco","family":"Boschetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, Italian National Research Council, Via Bassini 15, Milano 20133, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wace.2014.03.005","article-title":"Information systems in a changing climate: Early warnings and drought risk management","volume":"3","author":"Pulwarty","year":"2014","journal-title":"Weather Clim. 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