{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T08:00:20Z","timestamp":1768809620105,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,12]],"date-time":"2017-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP), Korea, under the ITRC (Information Technology Research Center)","award":["IITP-2017-2014-0-00636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2017-2014-0-00636"]}]},{"name":"ITP grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP)","award":["2014-0-00065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014-0-00065"]}]},{"name":"ITP grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP)","award":["2017-0-00395"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-0-00395"]}]},{"name":"NRF (National Research Foundation of Korea) grant funded by the Korean government (MEST)","award":["NRF-2015R1D1A1A09058200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2015R1D1A1A09058200"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring, as a representative application of cyber-physical systems, facilitates the early detection of arrhythmia. A considerable number of previous studies has explored monitoring techniques and the automated analysis of sensing data. However, ensuring patient privacy or confidentiality has not been a primary concern in ECG monitoring. First, we propose an intelligent heart monitoring system, which involves a patient-worn ECG sensor (e.g., a smartphone) and a remote monitoring station, as well as a decision support server that interconnects these components. The decision support server analyzes the heart activity, using the Pan\u2013Tompkins algorithm to detect heartbeats and a decision tree to classify them. Our system protects sensing data and user privacy, which is an essential attribute of dependability, by adopting signal scrambling and anonymous identity schemes. We also employ a public key cryptosystem to enable secure communication between the entities. Simulations using data from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database demonstrate that our system achieves a 95.74% success rate in heartbeat detection and almost a 96.63% accuracy in heartbeat classification, while successfully preserving privacy and securing communications among the involved entities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17061360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,12]],"date-time":"2017-06-12T10:27:59Z","timestamp":1497263279000},"page":"1360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Privacy-Preserving Electrocardiogram Monitoring for Intelligent Arrhythmia Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Junggab","family":"Son","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA 30060, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juyoung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainable Management Strategy, Korea Expressway Corporation, Gimcheon 39660, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heekuck","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md","family":"Bhuiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4823-4194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junbeom","family":"Hur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyungtae","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nam, J., Seo, W., Bae, J., and Cho, Y. 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