{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T08:20:31Z","timestamp":1765268431262,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61575165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61575165"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been extensively investigated as an effective approach for trace species detection. Silver nanostructures are high-sensitivity SERS substrates in common use, but their poor chemical stability impedes practical applications. Herein, a stable and sensitive SERS substrate based on the hybrid structures of graphene\/silver film\/laser-textured Si (G\/Ag\/LTSi) was developed, and a simple, rapid, and low-cost fabrication approach was explored. Abundant nanoparticles were directly created and deposited on the Si surface via laser ablation. These aggregated nanoparticles functioned as hotspots after a 30 nm Ag film coating. A monolayer graphene was transferred to the Ag film surface to prevent the Ag from oxidation. The SERS behavior was investigated by detecting R6G and 4-MBT molecules. The experimental results indicate that the maximum enhancement factor achieved by the G\/Ag\/LTSi substrate is over 107 and less than 23% SERS signals lost when the substrate was exposed to ambient conditions for 50 days. The covering graphene layer played crucial roles in both the Raman signals enhancement and the Ag nanostructure protection. The stable and sensitive SERS performance of G\/Ag\/LTSi substrate evince that the present strategy is a useful and convenient route to fabricate large-area graphene-silver plasmonic hybrids for SERS applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17071462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T02:39:15Z","timestamp":1498099155000},"page":"1462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Graphene-Ag Hybrids on Laser-Textured Si Surface for SERS Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3272-3735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chentao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Instrumental and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Instrumental and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanqing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Instrumental and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianhuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Instrumental and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Transducer Technology, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Universities and Colleges for Transducer Technology, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4756","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201205748","article-title":"Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: Concepts and chemical applications","volume":"53","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1039\/a827241z","article-title":"Surface-enhanced Raman scattering","volume":"27","author":"Campion","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1039\/b708839f","article-title":"Single-molecule and single-nanoparticle sers: From fundamental mechanisms to biomedical applications","volume":"37","author":"Qian","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5303.1102","article-title":"Probing single molecules and single nanoparticles by surface-enhanced raman scattering","volume":"275","author":"Nie","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2614(74)85388-1","article-title":"Raman spectra of pyridine adsorbed at a silver electrode","volume":"26","author":"Fleischmann","year":"1974","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-011-5631-x","article-title":"Surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy (sers): Progress and trends","volume":"403","author":"Cialla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1021\/nl803621x","article-title":"Dimers of silver nanospheres: Facile synthesis and their use as hot spots for surface-enhanced Raman scattering","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1002\/jrs.1062","article-title":"Structures of monolayers formed from different HS-(CH2)2-X thiols on gold, silver and copper: Comparitive studies by surface-enhanced raman scattering","volume":"34","author":"Kudelski","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Raman Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5873","DOI":"10.1021\/ac2005839","article-title":"Effect of oxidation on surface-enhanced Raman scattering activity of silver nanoparticles: A quantitative correlation","volume":"83","author":"Han","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2013.09.076","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles protected by monolayer graphene as a stabilized substrate for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy","volume":"66","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1021\/ja908780g","article-title":"Size-dependent electrochemical oxidation of silver nanoparticles","volume":"132","author":"Ivanova","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08907","article-title":"Shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy","volume":"464","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3928","DOI":"10.1021\/ja042925a","article-title":"Charge separation and catalytic activity of ag@tio2 core-shell composite clusters under uv-irradiation","volume":"127","author":"Hirakawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.200800777","article-title":"Development of polymer-encapsulated metal nanoparticles as surface-enhanced Raman scattering probes","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01937","article-title":"Surface plasmon subwavelength optics","volume":"424","author":"Barnes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4329","DOI":"10.1021\/la9601871","article-title":"Synthesis of nanosized gold-silica core-shell particles","volume":"12","author":"Giersig","year":"1996","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1021\/nl903414x","article-title":"Can graphene be used as a substrate for Raman enhancement?","volume":"10","author":"Ling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2015.02.055","article-title":"Study on surface-enhanced raman scattering substrates structured with hybrid ag nanoparticles and few-layer graphene","volume":"87","author":"Gong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7249","DOI":"10.1021\/jp209821g","article-title":"Surface-enhanced Raman scattering study on graphene-coated metallic nanostructure substrates","volume":"116","author":"Hao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1039\/c1sc00254f","article-title":"Surface enhanced Raman scattering of Ag or Au nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide for detection of aromatic molecules","volume":"2","author":"Lu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CC07937J","article-title":"Highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering based on multi-dimensional plasmonic coupling in Au-graphene-Ag hybrids","volume":"51","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201204355","article-title":"Graphene-veiled gold substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy","volume":"25","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2011.05.005","article-title":"Laser nano-manufacturing\u2014State of the art and challenges","volume":"60","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"CIRP Ann. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1021\/la803357q","article-title":"Femtosecond laser-nanostructured substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering","volume":"25","author":"Diebold","year":"2009","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.35.000941","article-title":"Laser-treated substrate with nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman scattering","volume":"35","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5021","DOI":"10.1021\/jp1086027","article-title":"Surface-enhanced Raman scattering from copper nanoparticles obtained by laser ablation","volume":"115","author":"Gellini","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6657","DOI":"10.1038\/srep06657","article-title":"Laser hybrid micro\/nano-structuring of Si surfaces in air and its applications for sers detection","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10352","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.24.010352","article-title":"Hybrid micro\/nano-structure formation by angular laser texturing of Si surface for surface enhanced Raman scattering","volume":"24","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.2351\/1.521827","article-title":"A review of ultrashort pulsed laser ablation of materials","volume":"10","author":"Shirk","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Laser Appl."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1209\/epl\/i2004-10420-2","article-title":"The size distribution of Si nanoparticles prepared by pulsed-laser ablation in pure He, Ar or Ne gas","volume":"69","author":"Fu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Europhys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-002-1818-5","article-title":"Dynamics of the plume formation and parameters of the ejected clusters in short-pulse laser ablation","volume":"76","author":"Zhigilei","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1039\/C6NR06834K","article-title":"Toward highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering: The design of a 3D hybrid system with monolayer graphene sandwiched between silver nanohole arrays and gold nanoparticles","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6028(97)01030-3","article-title":"Investigation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering from platinum electrodes using a confocal Raman microscope: Dependence of surface roughening pretreatment","volume":"406","author":"Cai","year":"1998","journal-title":"Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201201286","article-title":"\u2018Fairy chimney\u2019-shaped tandem metamaterials as double resonance sers substrates","volume":"9","author":"Cinel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6335","DOI":"10.1021\/jp064493r","article-title":"Potential-induced structural change in a self-assembled monolayer of 4-methylbenzenethiol on Au(111)","volume":"111","author":"Seo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/7\/1462\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:39:56Z","timestamp":1760207996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/7\/1462"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]}},"alternative-id":["s17071462"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s17071462","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]]}}}