{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:13:08Z","timestamp":1760242388457,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Xiaoheng Tan","award":["Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 106112017CDJQJ168817)","National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61571069)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 106112017CDJQJ168817)","National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61571069)"]}]},{"name":"Tan Guo","award":["Chongqing University Postgraduates\u2019 Innovation Project (No. CYB15030)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Chongqing University Postgraduates\u2019 Innovation Project (No. CYB15030)"]}]},{"name":"Lei Zhang","award":["National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 61401048)","Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No. 106112017CDJQJ168819)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 61401048)","Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No. 106112017CDJQJ168819)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, low-rank and sparse model-based dimensionality reduction (DR) methods have aroused lots of interest. In this paper, we propose an effective supervised DR technique named block-diagonal constrained low-rank and sparse-based embedding (BLSE). BLSE has two steps, i.e., block-diagonal constrained low-rank and sparse representation (BLSR) and block-diagonal constrained low-rank and sparse graph embedding (BLSGE). Firstly, the BLSR model is developed to reveal the intrinsic intra-class and inter-class adjacent relationships as well as the local neighborhood relations and global structure of data. Particularly, there are mainly three items considered in BLSR. First, a sparse constraint is required to discover the local data structure. Second, a low-rank criterion is incorporated to capture the global structure in data. Third, a block-diagonal regularization is imposed on the representation to promote discrimination between different classes. Based on BLSR, informative and discriminative intra-class and inter-class graphs are constructed. With the graphs, BLSGE seeks a low-dimensional embedding subspace by simultaneously minimizing the intra-class scatter and maximizing the inter-class scatter. Experiments on public benchmark face and object image datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17071475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T10:11:35Z","timestamp":1498126295000},"page":"1475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Block-Diagonal Constrained Low-Rank and Sparse Graph for Discriminant Analysis of Image Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Tan","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoheng","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5305-8543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaochen","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1109\/34.824819","article-title":"Statistical pattern recognition: A review","volume":"22","author":"Jain","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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