{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T23:38:06Z","timestamp":1768261086701,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the influence of liquid load, the equivalent resistance of in-liquid quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) increases sharply, and the quality factor and resonant frequency decreases. We found that the change in the resonant frequency of in-liquid QCM consisted of two parts: besides the frequency changes due to the mass and viscous load (which could be equivalent to motional inductance), the second part of frequency change was caused by the increase of motional resistance. The theoretical calculation and simulation proved that the increases of QCM motional resistance may indeed cause the decreases of resonant frequency, and revealed that the existence of static capacitance was the root cause of this frequency change. The second part of frequency change (due to the increases of motional resistance) was difficult to measure accurately, and may cause great error for in-liquid QCM applications. A technical method to reduce the interference caused by this effect is presented. The study contributes to the accurate determination of the frequency and amplitude change of in-liquid QCM caused by liquid load, which is significant for the QCM applications in the liquid phase.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17071476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T10:11:35Z","timestamp":1498126295000},"page":"1476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Resistance\u2013Amplitude\u2013Frequency Effect of In\u2013Liquid Quartz Crystal Microbalance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xianhe","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingsong","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2964","DOI":"10.1021\/ma200024w","article-title":"Automatic Spray-LBL Machine Based on in-Situ QCM Monitoring","volume":"44","author":"Fukao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2005.05.076","article-title":"Effects of film thickness on moisture sorption, glass transition temperature and morphology of poly(chloro-p-xylylene) film","volume":"46","author":"Huang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4078","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2014.2332881","article-title":"Self-Assembly of Polyelectrolytic\/Graphene Oxide Multilayer Thin Films on Quartz Crystal Microbalance for Humidity Detection","volume":"14","author":"Yao","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. 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