{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T15:34:44Z","timestamp":1771515284733,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,8]],"date-time":"2017-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ag\u00e8ncia de Gesti\u00f3 d\u2019Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain","award":["FI 2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FI 2014"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","award":["project DPI2014-59049-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["project DPI2014-59049-R"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["600388"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["600388"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Estimation of neuromuscular intention using electromyography (EMG) and pattern recognition is still an open problem. One of the reasons is that the pattern-recognition approach is greatly influenced by temporal changes in electromyograms caused by the variations in the conductivity of the skin and\/or electrodes, or physiological changes such as muscle fatigue. This paper proposes novel features for task identification extracted from the high-density electromyographic signal (HD-EMG) by applying the mean shift channel selection algorithm evaluated using a simple and fast classifier-linear discriminant analysis. HD-EMG was recorded from eight subjects during four upper-limb isometric motor tasks (flexion\/extension, supination\/pronation of the forearm) at three different levels of effort. Task and effort level identification showed very high classification rates in all cases. This new feature performed remarkably well particularly in the identification at very low effort levels. This could be a step towards the natural control in everyday applications where a subject could use low levels of effort to achieve motor tasks. Furthermore, it ensures reliable identification even in the presence of myoelectric fatigue and showed robustness to temporal changes in EMG, which could make it suitable in long-term applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17071597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]],"date-time":"2017-07-10T11:05:31Z","timestamp":1499684731000},"page":"1597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["A Novel Spatial Feature for the Identification of Motor Tasks Using High-Density Electromyography"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mislav","family":"Jordani\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automatic Control (ESAII), Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona 08028, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Rojas-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automatic Control (ESAII), Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona 08028, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain"},{"name":"Bioengineering Department, El Bosque University, Bogot\u00e1 110121, Colombia"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Ma\u00f1anas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automatic Control (ESAII), Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona 08028, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2980-6716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automatic Control (ESAII), Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona 08028, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Marateb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automatic Control (ESAII), Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona 08028, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.10.040","article-title":"Decoding the neural drive to muscles from the surface electromyogram","volume":"121","author":"Farina","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. 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