{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:05:40Z","timestamp":1787029540251,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,26]],"date-time":"2017-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A large number of routing-related surveys are published so far for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) that exhibit either complete or partial emphasis on routing in WSNs. These surveys classify and discuss the relevant routing protocols published mainly in the fields of classical, energy efficient, secure, hierarchical, geographic, intelligent, Quality of Service (QoS)-based and multipath WSNs. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study is presented so far which may clearly categorize the routing-related survey literature for WSNs.To fill this gap, an effort is made in this paper for presenting an in-depth review of already published routing-related survey literature in WSNs. Our review initially proposes a generalized survey design model and afterwards analyzes the routing-related survey literature in the light of the devised General Survey Design Framework (GSDF). Such an analysis describes the design soundness of the published routing-related surveys. Therefore, our review puts forth an original classification based on the frequency-of-survey-publication and taxonomizes the corresponding routing-related fields into high, medium and low focused areas of survey publication in WSNs. Furthermore, the surveys belonging to each main category are sub-categorized into various sub-classes and briefly discussed according to their design characteristics. On the one hand, this review is useful for beginners who may easily explore the already published routing-related survey literature in WSNs in a single document and investigate it by spending less effort. On the other hand, it is useful for expert researchers who may explore the trends and frequency of writing surveys in different areas of routing in WSNs. The experts may explore those areas of routing which are either neglected or least focused or lack in design soundness as per general survey design framework. In the end, insights and future research directions are outlined and a reasonable conclusion is put forth which may outline guiding principles for routing-related survey research in future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17081713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,26]],"date-time":"2017-07-26T11:45:01Z","timestamp":1501069501000},"page":"1713","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A Critical Review of Surveys Emphasizing on Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks\u2014An Anatomization under General Survey Design Framework"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2769-8424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waqas","family":"Rehan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Telematics (ITM), University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Luebeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1292-8925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Telematics (ITM), University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Luebeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1869-2757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maaz","family":"Rehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COMSATS Institue of Information Technology (CIIT), Quaid Avenue, 47040 Wah Cantt, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rehan, W., Fischer, S., and Rehan, M. (2016). Machine-Learning Based Channel Quality and Stability Estimation for Stream-Based Multichannel Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensors, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16091476"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2002.1024422","article-title":"A Survey on Sensor Networks","volume":"40","author":"Akyildiz","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"11","article-title":"A Multichannel Cross-layer Architecture for Multimedia Sensor Networks","volume":"2013","author":"Cevik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10724","DOI":"10.3390\/s111110724","article-title":"A Configurable Sensor Network Applied to Ambient Assisted Living","volume":"11","author":"Villacorta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17156","DOI":"10.3390\/s131217156","article-title":"Design of a Wireless Sensor Network Platform for Tele-Homecare","volume":"13","author":"Chung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, N., Rangwala, S., Chintalapudi, K.K., Ganesan, D., Broad, A., Govindan, R., and Estrin, D. (2004, January 3\u20135). A Wireless Sensor Network For Structural Monitoring. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys \u201904), Baltimore, MD, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/1031495.1031498"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Kim, S., Fonseca, R., Dutta, P., Tavakoli, A., Culler, D., Levis, P., Shenker, S., and Stoica, I. (2007, January 4\u20139). Flush: A Reliable Bulk Transport Protocol for Multihop Wireless Networks. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys \u201907), Sydney, Australia."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1145\/990680.990704","article-title":"Habitat Monitoring with Sensor Networks","volume":"47","author":"Szewczyk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2003.1251165","article-title":"Applying Video Sensor Networks to Nearshore Environment Monitoring","volume":"2","author":"Holman","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Pervasive Comput."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Nadeem, T., Dashtinezhad, S., Liao, C., and Iftode, L. (2004, January 19\u201322). TrafficView: A Scalable Traffic Monitoring System. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Mobile Data Management, Berkeley, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Dashtinezhad, S., Nadeem, T., Dorohonceanu, B., Borcea, C., Kang, P., and Iftode, L. (2004, January 17\u201319). TrafficView: A driver assistant device for traffic monitoring based on car-to-car communication. Proceedings of the IEEE 59th Vehicular Technology Conference, Milan, Italy."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Curiac, D.I., and Volosencu, C. (2010, January 3\u20135). Urban traffic control system architecture based on wireless sensor-actuator networks. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Manufacturing Engineering, Quality and Production Systems, Constantza, Romania."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira, M., Fernandes, R., Concei\u00e7\u00e3o, H., Viriyasitavat, W., and Tonguz, O.K. (2010, January 20\u201324). Self-organized Traffic Control. Proceedings of the Seventh ACM International Workshop on VehiculAr InterNETworking (VANET \u201910), Chicago, IL, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/1860058.1860077"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Cheekiralla, S. (2005, January 20\u201321). Wireless sensor network-based tunnel monitoring. Proceedings of the RealWSN Workshop, Stockholm, Sweden."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campbell, J., Gibbons, P.B., Nath, S., Pillai, P., Seshan, S., and Sukthankar, R. (2005, January 6\u201312). IrisNet: An Internet-scale Architecture for Multimedia Sensors. Proceedings of the 13th Annual ACM International Conference on Multimedia (MULTIMEDIA \u201905), Singapore.","DOI":"10.1145\/1101149.1101162"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, V.W., Zheng, Y., and Cao, J. (2006, January 3\u20135). An Intelligent Car Park Management System based on Wireless Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Pervasive Computing and Applications, Xinjiang, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/SPCA.2006.297498"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Whittle, A.J., Allen, M., Preis, A., and Iqbal, M. (2013, January 9\u201311). Sensor Networks for Monitoring and Control of Water Distribution Systems. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure, SHMII \u201913, Hong Kong, China."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kruger, C.P., Abu-Mahfouz, A.M., and Hancke, G.P. (2015, January 17\u201319). Rapid prototyping of a wireless sensor network gateway for the internet of things using off-the-shelf components. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, ICIT\u2019 15, Seville, Spain.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIT.2015.7125378"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Catania, V., and Ventura, D. (2014, January 21\u201325). An approch for monitoring and smart planning of urban solid waste management using smart-M3 platform. Proceedings of the 15th Conference of Open Innovations Association FRUCT, St-Petersburg, Russia.","DOI":"10.1109\/FRUCT.2014.6872422"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3390\/s120100189","article-title":"Hierarchical Leak Detection and Localization Method in Natural Gas Pipeline Monitoring Sensor Networks","volume":"12","author":"Wan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2010.08.005","article-title":"Wireless multimedia sensor and actor networks for the next generation power grid","volume":"9","author":"Mouftah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Arora, A., Ramnath, R., Ertin, E., Sinha, P., Bapat, S., Naik, V., Kulathumani, V., Zhang, H., Cao, H., and Sridharan, M. (2005, January 17\u201319). ExScal: elements of an extreme scale wireless sensor network. Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications, RTCSA \u201905, Hong Kong, China."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2007.211","article-title":"iMouse: An Integrated Mobile Surveillance and Wireless Sensor System","volume":"40","author":"Tseng","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Comput."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yick, J., Mukherjee, B., and Ghosal, D. (2005, January 7). Analysis of a Prediction-based Mobility Adaptive Tracking Algorithm. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Broadband Networks (BroadNets \u201905), Boston, MA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICBN.2005.1589681"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/15501320701774675","article-title":"A Sensor Network Architecture for Tsunami Detection and Response","volume":"4","author":"Casey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2899","DOI":"10.3390\/s110302899","article-title":"An Emergency-Adaptive Routing Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks for Building Fire Hazard Monitoring","volume":"11","author":"Zeng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2010.5434384","article-title":"DistressNet: a wireless ad hoc and sensor network architecture for situation management in disaster response","volume":"48","author":"George","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2010.05.003","article-title":"MC-LMAC: A Multi-channel MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"9","author":"Incel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2006.1632658","article-title":"MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey","volume":"44","author":"Demirkol","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2006.38","article-title":"Monitoring Civil Structures with a Wireless Sensor Network","volume":"10","author":"Chintalapudi","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Comput."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, C., Zhou, J., Guo, C., Song, H., Wu, G., and Obaidat, M.S. (2017). TSCA: A Temporal-Spatial Real-Time Charging Scheduling Algorithm for On-Demand Architecture in Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput.","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2017.2703094"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2015.2425146","article-title":"Data Gathering Optimization by Dynamic Sensing and Routing in Rechargeable Sensor Networks","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2012.161","article-title":"Energy Provisioning in Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks","volume":"12","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, L., Fu, L., Zheng, L., Gu, Y., Cheng, P., Chen, J., and Pan, J. (2014, January 11\u201314). ESync: An Energy Synchronized Charging Protocol for Rechargeable Wireless Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the 15th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc \u201914), Philadelphia, PA, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/2632951.2632970"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2004.1368893","article-title":"Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey","volume":"11","author":"Kamal","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2003.09.010","article-title":"A Survey on Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"3","author":"Akkaya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-012-0723-2","article-title":"Multipath Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey","volume":"70","author":"Sha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wirel. Pers. Commun."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2011.020211.00058","article-title":"A Survey on Energy-Efficient Routing Techniques with QoS Assurances for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks","volume":"14","author":"Ehsan","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2012.062612.00084","article-title":"Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey","volume":"15","author":"Pantazis","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2014.02.008","article-title":"Routing Protocol Design for Secure WSN: Review and Open Research Issues","volume":"41","author":"Zin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2010.07.005","article-title":"Swarm Intelligence Based Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks: Survey and Future Directions","volume":"181","author":"Saleem","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"570","article-title":"A Survey of Energy-Efficient Hierarchical Cluster-Based Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"2","author":"Singh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Netw. Appl. (IJANA)"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2013.100113.00293","article-title":"Distributed Mobile Sink Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey","volume":"16","author":"Tunca","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6852097","article-title":"Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks with Mobile Sinks: A Survey","volume":"52","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-8705(03)00008-8","article-title":"Secure Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks: Attacks and Countermeasures","volume":"1","author":"Karlof","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Z., and Mohammed, A. (2010). A Survey on Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks. Sustainable Wireless Sensor Networks, InTech.","DOI":"10.5772\/13942"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2006.283821","article-title":"Data-Aggregation Techniques in Sensor Networks: A Survey","volume":"8","author":"Rajagopalan","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2007.903101","article-title":"Biologically Inspired Cooperative Routing for Wireless Mobile Sensor Networks","volume":"1","author":"Iyengar","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Syst. J."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2007.4395109","article-title":"Routing Correlated Data in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey","volume":"21","author":"Luo","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sobh, T. (2008). A Survey of Energy-Efficient and QoS-Aware Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks. Novel Algorithms and Techniques in Telecommunications, Automation and Industrial Electronics, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-8737-0"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wan, J., Yuan, D., and Xu, X. (2008, January 19\u201321). A Review of Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, Dalian, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/WiCom.2008.946"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boukerche, A. (2008). A Taxonomy of Routing Protocols in Sensor Networks. Algorithms and Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks, John Wiley & Sons.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470396360"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8399","DOI":"10.3390\/s91108399","article-title":"Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"9","author":"Villalba","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"704","article-title":"Classification and Comparison of Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"4","author":"Biradar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spec. Issue Ubiquitous Comput. Secur. Syst."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.3390\/a2010158","article-title":"A Survey on Position-based Routing Algorithms in Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"2","author":"Jin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Algorithms"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, C., Yuan, D., and Zhao, Y. (2009, January 5\u20138). Towards Clustering Algorithms in Wireless Sensor Networks-A Survey. Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC \u201909), Budapest, Hungary.","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2009.4917996"},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Thanh, V.V., Chan, H.N., Viet, B.P., and Huu, T.N. (2009, January 28\u201329). A Survey of Routing using DHTs over Wireless Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, ICITA \u201909, Sydney, Australia."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alwan, H., and Agarwal, A. (2009, January 14\u201319). A Survey on Fault Tolerant Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications (SENSORCOMM \u201909), Athens, Greece.","DOI":"10.1109\/SENSORCOMM.2009.62"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2010.02.015","article-title":"A Survey on Secure Multipath Routing Protocols in WSNs","volume":"54","author":"Stavrou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maimour, M., Zeghilet, H., and Lepage, F. (2010). Cluster-based Routing Protocols for Energy-Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks. Sustainable Wireless Sensor Networks, Intech.","DOI":"10.5772\/13274"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10506","DOI":"10.3390\/s101210506","article-title":"A Comparative Study of Wireless Sensor Networks and Their Routing Protocols","volume":"10","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.5121\/ijcses.2010.1206","article-title":"Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks\u2014A Survey","volume":"1","author":"Singh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Sci. Eng. Surv. (IJCSES)"},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"35","article-title":"A Survey on Energy Efficient Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"11","author":"Baranidharan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"2118","article-title":"A Survey on Swarm Intelligence based Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"5","author":"Celik","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Phys. Sci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Modirkhazeni, A., Ithnin, N., and Ibrahim, O. (2010, January 22\u201323). Secure Multipath Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Security Survey Analysis. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Network Applications Protocols and Services, NETAPPS \u201910, Kedah, Malaysia.","DOI":"10.1109\/NETAPPS.2010.48"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-13965-9_1","article-title":"Survey on Data Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"Volume 278","author":"Hara","year":"2010","journal-title":"Wireless Sensor Network Technologies for the Information Explosion Era"},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"8","article-title":"Energy Efficient Routing Protocols and Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks\u2013A Survey","volume":"11","author":"Roseline","year":"2011","journal-title":"Glob. J. Comput. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raghunandan, G.H., and Lakshmi, B.N. (2011, January 17\u201318). A Comparative Analysis of Routing Techniques for Wireless Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the National Conference on Innovations in Emerging Technology (NCOIET \u201911), Erode, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/NCOIET.2011.5738826"},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"Wei, C., Yang, J., Gao, Y., and Zhang, Z. (2011, January 24\u201326). Cluster-based Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey. Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Science and Network Technology (ICCSNT \u201911), Harbin, China."},{"key":"ref_70","unstructured":"Xu, D., and Gao, J. (2011, January 18\u201319). Comparison Study to Hierarchical Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology (ESIAT \u201911), Beijing, China."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2011.06.009","article-title":"A Survey on Routing Techniques in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"34","author":"Ayaz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput.Appl."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma, S., and Jena, S.K. (2011, January 12\u201314). A Survey on Secure Hierarchical Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Communication, Computing & Security (ICCCS \u201911), ODISHA, India.","DOI":"10.1145\/1947940.1947972"},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"14","article-title":"A Review of Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network","volume":"1","author":"Kumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11113","DOI":"10.3390\/s120811113","article-title":"A Survey on Clustering Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7350","DOI":"10.3390\/s120607350","article-title":"A Survey on the Taxonomy of Cluster-based Routing Protocols for Homogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"12","author":"Naeimi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.3390\/s120100650","article-title":"Multipath Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks: Survey and Research Challenges","volume":"12","author":"Radi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.3745\/JIPS.2012.8.4.589","article-title":"A Survey of QoS based Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"8","author":"Sumathi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"6","article-title":"Secure Hierarchal Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks; Security Survey Analysis","volume":"2","author":"Modirkhazeni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Commun. Netw."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2012.06.320","article-title":"Routing Techniques in Sensor Network\u2014A Survey","volume":"38","author":"Saranya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Procedia Eng."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-29280-4_48","article-title":"Node\u2014Link Disjoint Multipath Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks\u2014A Survey and Conceptual Modeling","volume":"Volume 7135","author":"Thilagam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Advanced Computing, Networking and Security"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9:1","DOI":"10.1145\/2379776.2379785","article-title":"QoS Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks\u2014A Survey","volume":"45","author":"Uthra","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR)"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2012.03.004","article-title":"Classical and Swarm Intelligence Based Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey and Comparison","volume":"35","author":"Zungeru","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_83","unstructured":"Rahman, M.A., Anwar, S., Pramanik, M.I., and Rahman, M.F. (2013, January 17\u201319). A Survey on Energy Efficient Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Network. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT \u201913), Melaka, Malaysia."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802526","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/802526","article-title":"New Trends in Secure Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"9","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-013-1056-5","article-title":"A Review on Hierarchical Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"72","author":"Manap","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wirel. Pers. Commun."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2012.12.001","article-title":"A Systematic Review on Clustering and Routing Techniques based upon LEACH Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"36","author":"Tyagi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.6029\/smartcr.2013.04.005","article-title":"A Survey of Cluster-based Routing Schemes for Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"3","author":"Sikander","year":"2013","journal-title":"Smart Comput. Rev."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/469824","article-title":"Routing Protocols for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network: A Survey","volume":"2013","author":"Abazeed","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Sens."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-012-0461-0","article-title":"Distributed Hash Table-Based Routing and Data Management in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey","volume":"19","author":"Fersi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wirel. Netw."},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"181","article-title":"Multipath Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey and Analysis","volume":"6","author":"Masdari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Future Gener. Commun. Netw."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1504\/IJIPT.2014.068280","article-title":"Location-based Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey","volume":"8","author":"Soni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Internet Protocol Technol. (IJIPT)"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2013.04.001","article-title":"A Survey on Intelligent Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"38","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.2679","article-title":"A Survey on Energy Awareness Mechanisms in Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks using Optimization Methods","volume":"25","author":"Ali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trans. Emerg. Telecommun. Technol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s11235-013-9766-2","article-title":"Routing in Mobile Wireless Sensor Network: A Survey","volume":"57","author":"Sara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Telecommun. Syst."},{"key":"ref_95","first-page":"98","article-title":"A Comparative Study on Energy Efficient Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"12","author":"Sharma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Sci. Issues (IJCSI)"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2015.04.018","article-title":"Survey of Secure Multipath Routing Protocols for WSNs","volume":"55","author":"Zin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2015.03.133","article-title":"A Survey on Cluster Based Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"45","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.6029\/smartcr.2015.10.007","article-title":"Smart, Energy-Efficient Hierarchical Data-Gathering Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"5","author":"Mehmood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Smart Comput. Rev."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5372","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2015.2445796","article-title":"Atypical Hierarchical Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1504\/IJITST.2016.078574","article-title":"A Survey on Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks Using Swarm Intelligence","volume":"6","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Internet Technol. Secur. Trans."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.03.076","article-title":"A Survey on Opportunistic Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"79","author":"Jadhav","year":"2016","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, N., Mart\u00ednez, J.F., Meneses Chaus, J.M., and Eckert, M. (2016). A Survey on Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network Routing Protocols. Sensors, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16030414"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gui, T., Ma, C., Wang, F., and Wilkins, D.E. (2016, January 14\u201317). Survey on Swarm Intelligence based Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: An Extensive Study. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), Taipei, Taiwan.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIT.2016.7475064"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, H., and Singh, D. (2016, January 14\u201317). Taxonomy of Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics (IC3I), Greater Noida, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/IC3I.2016.7918796"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5673","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2598719","article-title":"Recent Advances in Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review","volume":"4","author":"Yan","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2016.1400052WC","article-title":"Green Routing Protocols for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks","volume":"23","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-015-1150-6","article-title":"Energy Harvesting and Battery Power Based Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"23","author":"Anisi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wirel. Netw."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s11235-016-0220-0","article-title":"Routing Protocols for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Data Forwarding: A Review","volume":"65","author":"Ahmed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Telecommun. Syst."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2818542","article-title":"A Comprehensive Survey on Hierarchical-Based Routing Protocols for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks: Review, Taxonomy, and Future Directions","volume":"2017","author":"Sabor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7539751","article-title":"A Survey of Routing Issues and Associated Protocols in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"2017","author":"Khalid","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sens."},{"key":"ref_111","first-page":"1","article-title":"A Survey on Multipath Routing Protocols for QoS Assurances in Real-Time Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks","volume":"PP","author":"Hasan","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_112","first-page":"148","article-title":"Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) based Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN): A Survey","volume":"8","author":"Nayyar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2654356","article-title":"Quality of Service of Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review","volume":"5","author":"Asif","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rehan, W., Fischer, S., Rehan, M., and Rehmani, M.H. (2017). A Comprehensive Survey on Multichannel Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks. J. Netw. Comput. Appl.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2017.07.006"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-1286(01)00302-4","article-title":"Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey","volume":"38","author":"Akyildiz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1145\/990680.990707","article-title":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"47","author":"Perrig","year":"2004","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"ref_117","unstructured":"Chen, D., and Varshney, P.K. (2004, January 21\u201324). QoS Support in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey. Proceedings of the International Conference on Wireless Networks, Las Vegas, NV, USA."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2005.1593277","article-title":"A Survey of Security Issues in Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks","volume":"7","author":"Djenouri","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2006.315852","article-title":"A Survey of Security Issues in Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, H., and Meng, M.Q. (2006, January 25\u201328). Biologically Inspired Approaches for Wireless Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation, Luoyang, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMA.2006.257686"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2006.10.002","article-title":"A Survey on Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks","volume":"51","author":"Akyildiz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_122","first-page":"367","article-title":"Wireless Sensor Network Security: A Survey","volume":"Volume 1","author":"Xiao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Security in Distributed, Grid, Mobile, and Pervasive Computing"},{"key":"ref_123","unstructured":"Li, Y., Chen, C.S., Song, Y.Q., and Wang, Z. (2007, January 7\u20139). Real-time QoS Support in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey. Proceedings of the 7th IFAC International Conference on Fieldbuses & Networks in Industrial & Embedded Systems, FeT \u201907, Toulouse, France."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2007.4407225","article-title":"Wireless multimedia sensor networks: A survey","volume":"14","author":"Akyildiz","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinez, J.F., Garcia, A.B., Corredor, I., Lopez, L., Hernandez, V., and Dasilva, A. (2007, January 14\u201317). QoS in Wireless Sensor Networks: Survey and Approach. Proceedings of the 2007 Euro American Conference on Telematics and Information Systems, EATIS \u201907, Portugal.","DOI":"10.1145\/1352694.1352715"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2008.04.002","article-title":"Wireless Sensor Network Survey","volume":"52","author":"Yick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2008.4625802","article-title":"Securing Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2008.06.003","article-title":"Energy Conservation in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey","volume":"7","author":"Anastasi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"key":"ref_129","unstructured":"Rehana, J. (2009). Security of Wireless Sensor Network, Helsinki University of Technology. Technical Report."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2009.090205","article-title":"Sensor Network Security: A Survey","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_131","first-page":"55","article-title":"A Survey on Wireless Sensor Network Security","volume":"1","author":"Sen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Commun. Netw. Inf. Secur. (IJCNIS)"},{"key":"ref_132","first-page":"34","article-title":"Sensors Lifetime Enhancement Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks\u2014A Survey","volume":"2","author":"Halawani","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Comput."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23620-4_10","article-title":"A Survey of Energy Conservation, Routing and Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"Volume 6890","author":"Zhong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Active Media Technology"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2011.040310.00002","article-title":"Computational Intelligence in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey","volume":"13","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_135","first-page":"905","article-title":"Efficient Power Utilization Techniques for Wireless Sensor Networks\u2014A Survey","volume":"3","author":"Saxena","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soua, R., and Minet, P. (2011, January 26\u201328). A Survey on Energy Efficient Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the 4th Joint IFIP Wireless and Mobile Networking Conference (WMNC \u201911), Toulouse, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/WMNC.2011.6097244"},{"key":"ref_137","first-page":"7:1","article-title":"Data Collection in Wireless Sensor Networks with Mobile Elements: A Survey","volume":"8","author":"Das","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Sens. Netw. (TOSN)"},{"key":"ref_138","unstructured":"Khan, S., Pathan, A.-S.K., and Alrajeh, N.A. (2012). Security in Wireless Sensor Networks. in Wireless Sensor Networks: Current Status and Future Trends, CRC Press."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2014.03.027","article-title":"Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Top-Down Survey","volume":"67","author":"Rault","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2014.2320071","article-title":"A Comprehensive Survey of Congestion Control Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"16","author":"Sergiou","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2014.021714.00123","article-title":"Congestion Control Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey","volume":"16","author":"Kafi","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2014.10.004","article-title":"A Survey on Mobility Management Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks based on 6LoWPAN Technology","volume":"74","author":"Bouaziz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-015-1025-x","article-title":"A Review on Energy Efficient Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"22","author":"Yadav","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wirel. Netw."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2016.06.005","article-title":"Energy-Efficiency and Reliability in MAC and Routing Protocols for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network: A Survey","volume":"71","author":"Zenia","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_145","unstructured":"(2017, March 15). The Network Similator 2\u2013NS-2. Available online: http:\/\/www.isi.edu\/nsnam\/ns\/index.html."},{"key":"ref_146","unstructured":"(2017, May 05). Bringing Big Data to the Enterprise. Available online: https:\/\/www-01.ibm.com\/software\/in\/data\/bigdata\/."},{"key":"ref_147","unstructured":"(2017, May 11). Five Big Data Challenges and How to Overcome Them with Visual Analytics. Available online: https:\/\/www.sas.com\/content\/dam\/SAS\/en_us\/doc\/other1\/five-big-data-challenges-106263.pdf."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaisler, S., Armour, F., Espinosa, J.A., and Money, W. (2013, January 7\u201310). Big Data: Issues and Challenges Moving Forward. Proceedings of the 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS \u201913, Wailea, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2013.645"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katal, A., Wazid, M., and Goudar, R.H. (2013, January 8\u201310). Big data: Issues, challenges, tools and Good practices. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Contemporary Computing (IC3 \u201913), Noida, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/IC3.2013.6612229"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2002.1028874","article-title":"Design Challenges for Energy-constrained Ad Hoc Wireless Networks","volume":"9","author":"Goldsmith","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2005.1497859","article-title":"Cross-layer Design of Ad Hoc Networks for Real-time Video Streaming","volume":"12","author":"Setton","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1155\/WCN.2005.743","article-title":"Cross-Layer QoS Control for Video Communications over Wireless Ad Hoc Networks","volume":"2005","author":"Qu","year":"2005","journal-title":"EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2005.1404568","article-title":"A Cautionary Perspective on Cross-Layer Design","volume":"12","author":"Kawadia","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2006.879351","article-title":"A Tutorial on Cross-layer Optimization in Wireless Networks","volume":"24","author":"Lin","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2822","DOI":"10.3390\/s140202822","article-title":"Energy-efficient Sensing in Wireless Sensor Networks using Compressed Sensing","volume":"14","author":"Razzaque","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmcj.2014.04.004","article-title":"Multichannel Assignment Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comprehensive Survey","volume":"16","author":"Soua","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pervasive Mob. Comput."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2011.05.020","article-title":"A Survey on Multi-channel Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"55","author":"Incel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/8\/1713\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:44:06Z","timestamp":1760208246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/8\/1713"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,26]]},"references-count":157,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["s17081713"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s17081713","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,26]]}}}