{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T23:13:38Z","timestamp":1768432418733,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]],"date-time":"2017-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation Project of China","award":["51475097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51475097"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intelligent machine health monitoring and fault diagnosis are becoming increasingly important for modern manufacturing industries. Current fault diagnosis approaches mostly depend on expert-designed features for building prediction models. In this paper, we proposed IDSCNN, a novel bearing fault diagnosis algorithm based on ensemble deep convolutional neural networks and an improved Dempster\u2013Shafer theory based evidence fusion. The convolutional neural networks take the root mean square (RMS) maps from the FFT (Fast Fourier Transformation) features of the vibration signals from two sensors as inputs. The improved D-S evidence theory is implemented via distance matrix from evidences and modified Gini Index. Extensive evaluations of the IDSCNN on the Case Western Reserve Dataset showed that our IDSCNN algorithm can achieve better fault diagnosis performance than existing machine learning methods by fusing complementary or conflicting evidences from different models and sensors and adapting to different load conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17081729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]],"date-time":"2017-07-28T10:14:34Z","timestamp":1501236874000},"page":"1729","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":183,"title":["An Ensemble Deep Convolutional Neural Network Model with Improved D-S Evidence Fusion for Bearing Fault Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4759-6000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaobo","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}]},{"given":"Guokai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}]},{"given":"Xianghong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2191-1570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianguang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8725-6660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianjun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2014.08.030","article-title":"Vibration diagnostics of rolling bearings by novel nonlinear non-stationary wavelet bicoherence technology","volume":"80","author":"Gelman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eng. 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