{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:14:55Z","timestamp":1760242495271,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]],"date-time":"2017-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51275239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51275239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Sino-Francais Program for Advance Research","award":["MCMS-0516 K01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCMS-0516 K01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Load identification plays an important role in structural health monitoring, which aims at preventing structural failures. In order to identify load for linear systems and nonlinear systems, this paper presents methods to identify load for a cantilever beam based on dynamic strain measurement by Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors. For linear systems, the proposed inverse method consists of Kalman filter with no load terms and a linear estimator. For nonlinear systems, the proposed inverse method consists of cubature Kalman filter (CKF) with no load terms and a nonlinear estimator. In the process of load identification, the state equations of the beam structures are constructed by using the finite element method (FEM). Kalman filter or CKF is used to suppress noise. The residual innovation sequences, gain matrix, and innovation covariance generated by Kalman filter or CKF are used to identify a load. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed method, numerical simulations and experiments of the beam structures are employed and the results show that the method has an excellent performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17081733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]],"date-time":"2017-07-28T10:14:34Z","timestamp":1501236874000},"page":"1733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Load Identification for a Cantilever Beam Based on Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xuegang","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 210000 Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuexin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Micro-Inertial Instrument and Advanced Navigation Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 210000 Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dakai","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 210000 Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsv.2014.12.027","article-title":"Derivation of a new parametric impulse response matrix utilized for nodal wind load identification by response measurement","volume":"22","author":"Kazemi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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