{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T07:45:40Z","timestamp":1772523940586,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,31]],"date-time":"2017-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Numerous algorithms have been proposed to retrieve chlorophyll-a concentrations in Case 2 waters; however, the retrieval accuracy is far from satisfactory. In this research, seven algorithms are assessed with different band combinations of multispectral and hyperspectral bands using linear (LN), quadratic polynomial (QP) and power (PW) regression approaches, resulting in altogether 43 algorithmic combinations. These algorithms are evaluated by using simulated and measured datasets to understand the strengths and limitations of these algorithms. Two simulated datasets comprising 500,000 reflectance spectra each, both based on wide ranges of inherent optical properties (IOPs), are generated for the calibration and validation stages. Results reveal that the regression approach (i.e., LN, QP, and PW) has more influence on the simulated dataset than on the measured one. The algorithms that incorporated linear regression provide the highest retrieval accuracy for the simulated dataset. Results from simulated datasets reveal that the 3-band (3b) algorithm that incorporate 665-nm and 680-nm bands and band tuning selection approach outperformed other algorithms with root mean square error (RMSE) of 15.87 mg\u00b7m\u22123, 16.25 mg\u00b7m\u22123, and 19.05 mg\u00b7m\u22123, respectively. The spatial distribution of the best performing algorithms, for various combinations of chlorophyll-a (Chla) and non-algal particles (NAP) concentrations, show that the 3b_tuning_QP and 3b_680_QP outperform other algorithms in terms of minimum RMSE frequency of 33.19% and 60.52%, respectively. However, the two algorithms failed to accurately retrieve Chla for many combinations of Chla and NAP, particularly for low Chla and NAP concentrations. In addition, the spatial distribution emphasizes that no single algorithm can provide outstanding accuracy for Chla retrieval and that multi-algorithms should be included to reduce the error. Comparing the results of the measured and simulated datasets reveal that the algorithms that incorporate the 665-nm band outperform other algorithms for measured dataset (RMSE = 36.84 mg\u00b7m\u22123), while algorithms that incorporate the band tuning approach provide the highest retrieval accuracy for the simulated dataset (RMSE = 25.05 mg\u00b7m\u22123).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17081746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]],"date-time":"2017-08-01T03:30:06Z","timestamp":1501558206000},"page":"1746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Assessment of Chlorophyll-a Algorithms Considering Different Trophic Statuses and Optimal Bands"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7707-2684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salem","family":"Salem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Lotfy El-Sied St. Off Gamal Abd El-Naser-Alexandria, Alexandria 11432, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroto","family":"Higa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Urban Innovation, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai 79-5, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1083-8416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyungjun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Oki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4067-4678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taikan","family":"Oki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proenv.2011.09.268","article-title":"Research on the Water Quality Monitoring System for Inland Lakes based on Remote Sensing","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Procedia Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"C07051","article-title":"Algorithm development and validation for satellite-derived distributions of DOC and CDOM in the U.S. Middle Atlantic Bight","volume":"113","author":"Mannino","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.5539\/jsd.v3n3p228","article-title":"Use of Remote Sensing and GIS in Monitoring Water Quality","volume":"3","author":"Usali","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Sustain. Dev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5627","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160701601774","article-title":"Retrieval of atmospheric and oceanic properties from MERIS measurements: A new Case-2 water processor for BEAM","volume":"28","author":"Schroeder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2008.11.013","article-title":"Phytoplankton bloom status: Chlorophyll a biomass as an indicator of water quality condition in the southern estuaries of Florida, USA","volume":"9","author":"Boyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.4319\/lom.2011.9.396","article-title":"Intercomparison of shallow water bathymetry, hydro-optics, and benthos mapping techniques in Australian and Caribbean coastal environments","volume":"9","author":"Dekker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1977.22.4.0709","article-title":"Analysis of variations in ocean color","volume":"22","author":"Morel","year":"1977","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gordon, H.R., and Morel, A. (1983). Remote Assessment of Ocean Color for Interpretation of Satellite Visible Imagery. A Review, Springer. Lecture Notes on Coastal and Estuarine Studies 1983.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-6280-7"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2012.02.008","article-title":"A simple method for distinguishing global Case-1 and Case-2 waters using SeaWiFS measurements","volume":"69","author":"Matsushita","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24937","DOI":"10.1029\/98JC02160","article-title":"Ocean color chlorophyll algorithms for SeaWiFS","volume":"103","author":"Maritorena","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10909","DOI":"10.1029\/JD093iD09p10909","article-title":"A semianalytic radiance model of ocean color","volume":"93","author":"Gordon","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeng, C., Xu, H., and Fischer, A.M. (2016). Chlorophyll-a Estimation Around the Antarctica Peninsula Using Satellite Algorithms: Hints from Field Water Leaving Reflectance. Sensors, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16122075"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1021\/es9809657","article-title":"Optical Teledetection of Chlorophyll a in Turbid Inland Waters","volume":"33","author":"Gons","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2008.04.015","article-title":"A simple semi-analytical model for remote estimation of chlorophyll-a in turbid waters: Validation","volume":"112","author":"Gitelson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1938","article-title":"Towards a unified approach for remote estimation of chlorophyll-a in both terrestrial vegetation and turbid productive waters","volume":"30","author":"Gitelson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"315","article-title":"Estimation of Chlorophyll-a Concentration in Rich Chlorophyll Water Area from Near-infrared and Red Spectral Signature","volume":"16","author":"Oki","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Remote Sens. Soc. Jpn."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2007.06.029","article-title":"MERIS satellite chlorophyll mapping of oligotrophic and eutrophic waters in the Laurentian Great Lakes","volume":"112","author":"Gons","year":"2008","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6855","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2010.512947","article-title":"A current review of empirical procedures of remote sensing in inland and near-coastal transitional waters","volume":"32","author":"Matthews","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gholizadeh, M.H., Melesse, A.M., and Reddi, L. (2016). A Comprehensive Review on Water Quality Parameters Estimation Using Remote Sensing Techniques. Sensors, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16081298"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5755","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.41.005755","article-title":"Deriving Inherent Optical Properties from Water Color: A Multiband Quasi-Analytical Algorithm for Optically Deep Waters","volume":"41","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2016.12.016","article-title":"Assessment and analysis of the chlorophyll-a concentration variability over the Vietnamese coastal waters from the MERIS ocean color sensor (2002\u20132012)","volume":"190","author":"Loisel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18607","DOI":"10.1029\/96JC03243","article-title":"Inherent optical property inversion of ocean color spectra and its biogeochemical interpretation: 1. Time series from the Sargasso Sea","volume":"102","author":"Garver","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2009.02.012","article-title":"Regional and seasonal variability of chlorophyll-a in Chesapeake Bay as observed by SeaWiFS and MODIS-Aqua","volume":"113","author":"Werdell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"449","article-title":"Estimation of Chlorophyll- a and Suspended Solids Concentration in Rich Concentration Water Area with Remote Sensing Technique","volume":"21","author":"Oki","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Remote Sens. Soc. Japan"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.3390\/rs2071722","article-title":"Why is the Ratio of Reflectivity Effective for Chlorophyll Estimation in the Lake Water?","volume":"2","author":"Oki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6010421","article-title":"Improved Accuracy of Chlorophyll-a Concentration Estimates from MODIS Imagery Using a Two-Band Ratio Algorithm and Geostatistics: As Applied to the Monitoring of Eutrophication Processes over Tien Yen Bay (Northern Vietnam)","volume":"6","author":"Ha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.3390\/rs4082373","article-title":"Comparative analysis of four models to estimate chlorophyll-a concentration in case-2 waters using MODerate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery","volume":"4","author":"Chokmani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10391","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120910391","article-title":"Estimation of Chlorophyll-a Concentration and the Trophic State of the Barra Bonita Hydroelectric Reservoir Using OLI\/Landsat-8 Images","volume":"12","author":"Watanabe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9024","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.21.009024","article-title":"Retrieval chlorophyll-a concentration from coastal waters: Three-band semi-analytical algorithms comparison and development","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2013.11.016","article-title":"Estimation of higher chlorophylla concentrations using field spectral measurement and HJ-1A hyperspectral satellite data in Dianshan Lake, China","volume":"88","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2009.02.005","article-title":"A four-band semi-analytical model for estimating chlorophyll a in highly turbid lakes: The case of Taihu Lake, China","volume":"113","author":"Le","year":"2009","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.10.016","article-title":"Normalized difference chlorophyll index: A novel model for remote estimation of chlorophyll-a concentration in turbid productive waters","volume":"117","author":"Mishra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11689","DOI":"10.3390\/rs61211689","article-title":"Analysis of MERIS reflectance algorithms for estimating chlorophyll-a concentration in a Brazilian reservoir","volume":"6","author":"Ogashawara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160500075857","article-title":"Detection of intense plankton blooms using the 709 nm band of the MERIS imaging spectrometer","volume":"26","author":"Gower","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4635","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2010.485216","article-title":"Medium resolution imaging spectrometer (MERIS) estimation of chlorophyll- a concentration in the turbid sediment-laden waters of the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary","volume":"31","author":"Shen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3577","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.45.003577","article-title":"Effect of bio-optical parameter variability and uncertainties in reflectance measurements on the remote estimation of chlorophyll-a concentration in turbid productive waters: Modeling results","volume":"45","author":"Gitelson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-008-0568-z","article-title":"Estimation of chlorophyll-a concentration using field spectral data: A case study in inland Case-II waters, North China","volume":"158","author":"Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.01.007","article-title":"Estimating constituent concentrations in case II waters from MERIS satellite data by semi-analytical model optimizing and look-up tables","volume":"115","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2012.11.001","article-title":"Evaluation of chlorophyll-a remote sensing algorithms for an optically complex estuary","volume":"129","author":"Le","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.05.115","article-title":"Evaluation of chlorophyll-a retrieval algorithms based on MERIS bands for optically varying eutrophic inland lakes","volume":"530\u2013531","author":"Lyu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3492","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6043492","article-title":"Remote Estimation of Chlorophyll-a in Inland Waters by a NIR-Red-Based Algorithm: Validation in Asian Lakes","volume":"6","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2014.12.022","article-title":"A hybrid algorithm for estimating the chlorophyll-a concentration across different trophic states in Asian inland waters","volume":"102","author":"Matsushita","year":"2015","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2014.03.012","article-title":"Assessment of NIR-red algorithms for observation of chlorophyll-a in highly turbid inland waters in China","volume":"93","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2013.11.021","article-title":"An optical water type framework for selecting and blending retrievals from bio-optical algorithms in lakes and coastal waters","volume":"143","author":"Moore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2014.03.023","article-title":"Absorption properties of in-water constituents and their variation among various lake types in the boreal region","volume":"148","author":"Kallio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6209","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160802178110","article-title":"Global monitoring of plankton blooms using MERIS MCI","volume":"29","author":"Gower","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2014.2333540","article-title":"Algorithms and Schemes for Chlorophyll a Estimation by Remote Sensing and Optical Classification for Turbid Lake Taihu, China","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Chen, B., Tai, P.C., Harrison, R., and Pan, Y. (2005, January 8\u201312). Novel hybrid hierarchical-K-means clustering method (H-K-means) for microarray analysis. Proceedings of the IEEE Computational Systems Bioinformatics Conference, Workshops and Poster Abstracts, Stanford, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"24","article-title":"A survey on k-mean clustering and particle swarm optimization","volume":"1","author":"Vora","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Mod. Eng."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2007.02.012","article-title":"Variability and classification of remote sensing reflectance spectra in the eastern English Channel and southern North Sea","volume":"110","author":"Lubac","year":"2007","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"231","article-title":"Determination of spectral absorption coefficients of particles, dissolved material and phytoplankton for discrete water samples","volume":"Volume 3","author":"Mitchell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ocean Optics Protocols for Satellite Ocean Color Sensor Validation"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02125580","article-title":"An improved method for the determination of phytoplankton chlorophyll using N, N-dimethylformamide","volume":"46","author":"Suzuki","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Oceanogr. Soc. Jpn."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"American Public Health Association (2005). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Public Health Association."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"1","article-title":"Optical properties of pure water and pure sea water","volume":"1","author":"Morel","year":"1974","journal-title":"Opt. Asp. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2010.12.001","article-title":"Multi-sensor satellite time series of optical properties and chlorophyll-a concentration in the Adriatic Sea","volume":"91","author":"Vantrepotte","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1984.29.2.0350","article-title":"Dependence of relationship between inherent and apparent optical properties of water on solar altitude","volume":"29","author":"Kirk","year":"1984","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2008.2011892","article-title":"Modeling Remote-Sensing Reflectance and Retrieving Chlorophyll-a Concentration in Extremely Turbid Case-2 Waters (Lake Taihu, China)","volume":"47","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Jaffe, J.S. (1994). Optical properties of pure water. Ocean Optics XII, International Society for Optics and Photonics."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00122024","article-title":"Gulf of Mexico, ocean-color surface-truth measurements","volume":"18","author":"Austin","year":"1980","journal-title":"Boundary-Layer Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2013.10.015","article-title":"An assessment of remote sensing algorithms for colored dissolved organic matter in complex freshwater environments","volume":"140","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3761","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2012.2220147","article-title":"Retrieval of Inherent Optical Properties for Turbid Inland Waters From Remote-Sensing Reflectance","volume":"51","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2004.49.6.2179","article-title":"Quantitative detection of chlorophyll in cyanobacterial blooms by satellite remote sensing","volume":"49","author":"Kutser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15702","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.15.015702","article-title":"Fluorescence component in the reflectance spectra from coastal waters. Dependence on water composition","volume":"15","author":"Gilerson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2008.04.005","article-title":"Application of spectral decomposition algorithm for mapping water quality in a turbid lake (Lake Kasumigaura, Japan) from Landsat TM data","volume":"64","author":"Oyama","year":"2009","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00016095","article-title":"Coupling of phytoplankton and detritus in a shallow, eutrophic lake (Lake Loosdrecht, The Netherlands)","volume":"233","author":"Gons","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1080\/014311699212470","article-title":"Interpretation of the 685nm peak in water-leaving radiance spectra in terms of fluorescence, absorption and scattering, and its observation by MERIS","volume":"20","author":"Gower","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2446","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.16.002446","article-title":"Fluorescence Component in the Reflectance Spectra from Coastal Waters. II. Performance of retrieval algorithms","volume":"16","author":"Gilerson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"Lee, Z.-P. (2006). Remote Sensing of Inherent Optical Properties: Fundamentals, Tests of Algorithms, and Applications, IOCCG. Reports of the International Ocean Colour Coordinating Group."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2013.02.024","article-title":"A semi-analytical approach for detecting suspended particulate composition in complex turbid inland waters (China)","volume":"134","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph7062437","article-title":"Evaluation of hyperspectral indices for chlorophyll-a concentration estimation in Tangxun Lake (Wuhan, China)","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2010.10.014","article-title":"Remote estimation of chlorophyll a in optically complex waters based on optical classification","volume":"115","author":"Le","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"9","article-title":"Ocean color chlorophyll a algorithms for SeaWiFS, OC2, and OC4: Version 4","volume":"3","author":"Maritorena","year":"2000","journal-title":"SeaWiFS postlaunch calibration Valid. Anal. Part"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24109","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.18.024109","article-title":"Algorithms for remote estimation of chlorophyll-a in coastal and inland waters using red and near infrared bands","volume":"18","author":"Gilerson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2002.47.2.0404","article-title":"Assessment of the relationships between dominant cell size in natural phytoplankton communities and the spectral shape of the absorption coefficient","volume":"47","author":"Ciotti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"3","article-title":"SeaWiFS postlaunch calibration and validation analyses, part 3","volume":"2000\u201320689","author":"Maritorena","year":"2000","journal-title":"NASA Tech. Memo"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2014.09.020","article-title":"A single algorithm to retrieve turbidity from remotely-sensed data in all coastal and estuarine waters","volume":"156","author":"Dogliotti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/8\/1746\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:44:39Z","timestamp":1760208279000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/8\/1746"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,31]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["s17081746"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s17081746","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,31]]}}}