{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:37:36Z","timestamp":1790015856211,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,31]],"date-time":"2017-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Real-time Localization Systems have been postulated as one of the most appropriated technologies for the development of applications that provide customized services. These systems provide us with the ability to locate and trace users and, among other features, they help identify behavioural patterns and habits. Moreover, the implementation of policies that will foster energy saving in homes is a complex task that involves the use of this type of systems. Although there are multiple proposals in this area, the implementation of frameworks that combine technologies and use Social Computing to influence user behaviour have not yet reached any significant savings in terms of energy. In this work, the CAFCLA framework (Context-Aware Framework for Collaborative Learning Applications) is used to develop a recommendation system for home users. The proposed system integrates a Real-Time Localization System and Wireless Sensor Networks, making it possible to develop applications that work under the umbrella of Social Computing. The implementation of an experimental use case aided efficient energy use, achieving savings of 17%. Moreover, the conducted case study pointed to the possibility of attaining good energy consumption habits in the long term. This can be done thanks to the system\u2019s real time and historical localization, tracking and contextual data, based on which customized recommendations are generated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17081749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]],"date-time":"2017-08-01T03:30:06Z","timestamp":1501558206000},"page":"1749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["A Framework to Improve Energy Efficient Behaviour at Home through Activity and Context Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"\u00d3scar","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Salamanca, BISITE Research Group, Edificio I+D+I, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8175-2201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Salamanca, BISITE Research Group, Edificio I+D+I, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6599-0186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Salamanca, BISITE Research Group, Edificio I+D+I, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2829-1829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Corchado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Salamanca, BISITE Research Group, Edificio I+D+I, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Barbu, A.D., Griffiths, N., and Morton, G. (2013). Achieving Energy Efficiency through Behaviour Change: What Does It Take?. EEA Technical Report, No 5\/2013, European Environment Agency. ISSN 1725-2237."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Gynther, L., Lapillone, B, and Pollier, K. (2015). Monitoring of energy efficiency trends and policies in the EU. An Analysis Based on the ODYSSEE and MURE Databases, Followme Communication. E.U. ODYSSEE-MURE Project."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2015.11.052","article-title":"Advances in research and applications of energy-related occupant behavior in buildings","volume":"116","author":"Hong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2012.09.005","article-title":"Energy intelligent buildings based on user activity: A survey","volume":"56","author":"Nguyen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2012.11.005","article-title":"Impacts of occupant behaviours on residential heating consumption for detached houses in a temperate climate in the northern part of Europe","volume":"57","author":"Marique","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2013.11.020","article-title":"Simulating multiple occupant behaviors in buildings: An agent-based modeling approach","volume":"69","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1080\/14786451.2014.936867","article-title":"A framework for targeting household energy savings through habitual behavioural change","volume":"35","author":"Pothitou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Sustain. Energy"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda, \u00d3., Alonso, R.S., Prieto, J., and Corchado, J.M. (2017). Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings through Context-Aware Social Computing. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17040826"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2014.11.067","article-title":"Simulation of occupancy in buildings","volume":"87","author":"Feng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2014.03.024","article-title":"The contextual factors contributing to occupants\u2019 adaptive comfort behaviors in offices\u2014A review and proposed modeling framework","volume":"77","author":"Gunay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1080\/19401493.2011.558213","article-title":"The impact of occupants\u2019 behaviour on building energy demand","volume":"4","author":"Haldi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Build. Perform. Simul."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2014.01.021","article-title":"A method for the identification and modelling of realistic domestic occupancy sequences for building energy demand simulations and peer comparison","volume":"75","author":"Aerts","year":"2014","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lynggaard, P., and Skouby, K. (2016). Complex IoT Systems as Enablers for Smart Homes in a Smart City Vision. Sensors, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16111840"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5212","DOI":"10.3390\/s120505212","article-title":"Distributed Smart Device for Monitoring, Control and Management of Electric Loads in Domotic Environments","volume":"12","author":"Morales","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas, B., and Cook, D. (2016). Activity-Aware Energy-Efficient Automation of Smart Buildings. Energies, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/en9080624"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2017.01.032","article-title":"Energy conservation through smart homes in a smart city: A lesson for Singapore households","volume":"104","author":"Bhati","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3246","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2016.2524501","article-title":"A Low-Cost Indoor Localization System for Energy Sustainability in Smart Buildings","volume":"16","author":"Moreno","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Aloia, M., Cortone, F., Cice, G., Russo, R., Rizzi, M., and Longo, A. (2016, January 13\u201314). Improving energy efficiency in building system using a novel people localization system. Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Workshop on Environmental, Energy, and Structural Monitoring Systems (EESMS), Bari, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/EESMS.2016.7504811"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blanco-Novoa, \u00d3., Fern\u00e1ndez-Caram\u00e9s, T.M., Fraga-Lamas, P., and Castedo, L. (2017). An Electricity Price-Aware Open-Source Smart Socket for the Internet of Energy. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17030643"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17292","DOI":"10.3390\/s131217292","article-title":"Mobile Sensing Systems","volume":"13","author":"Macias","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2011.11.012","article-title":"Coordinating occupant behavior for building energy and comfort management using multi-agent systems","volume":"22","author":"Klein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11916","DOI":"10.3390\/en81011916","article-title":"A solution based on bluetooth low energy for smart home energy management","volume":"8","author":"Collotta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2017.2671407","article-title":"An innovative approach for forecasting of energy requirements to improve a smart home management system based on BLE","volume":"1","author":"Collotta","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.erss.2014.07.015","article-title":"Smart meters and energy savings in Italy: Determining the effectiveness of persuasive communication in dwellings","volume":"3","author":"Corgnati","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Res. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.12.001","article-title":"Understanding household energy consumption behavior: The contribution of energy big data analytics","volume":"56","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1177\/1550147716665512","article-title":"Mobile sensing and social computing","volume":"12","author":"Bajo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.09.077","article-title":"Mobile social media for smart grids customer engagement: Emerging trends and challenges","volume":"53","author":"Siano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2013.11.020","article-title":"Smart metering for residential energy efficiency: The use of community based social marketing for behavioural change and smart grid introduction","volume":"67","author":"Temmen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.11.050","article-title":"Big data driven smart energy management: From big data to big insights","volume":"56","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2014.02.074","article-title":"Energy saving practice diffusion in online networks","volume":"76","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.07.023","article-title":"Modeling for home electric energy management: A review","volume":"52","author":"Vega","year":"2015","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2014.01.090","article-title":"A review on lighting control technologies in commercial buildings, their performance and affecting factors","volume":"33","author":"Hassan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Google, I. (2017, February 11). Nest Thermostat. Available online: https:\/\/nest.com\/thermostat\/meet-nest-thermostat\/."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harle, R.K., and Hopper, A. (2008, January 21\u201324). The potential for location-aware power management. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing, Seoul, Korea.","DOI":"10.1145\/1409635.1409676"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hay, S., and Rice, A. (2009, January 3). The case for apportionment. Proceedings of the First ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings, Berkeley, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/1810279.1810283"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Padmanabh, K., Malikarjuna, V.A., Sen, S., Katru, S.P., Kumar, A., Vuppala, S.K., and Paul, S. (2009, January 3). iSense: A wireless sensor network based conference room management system. Proceedings of the First ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings, Berkeley, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Wen, Y.J., and Agogino, A.M. (2008, January 7\u20138). Wireless networked lighting systems for optimizing energy savings and user satisfaction. Proceedings of the Wireless Hive Networks Conference, Austin, TX, USA."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, H., Chou, P., Duri, S., Lei, H., and Reason, J. (2009, January 21\u201323). The design and implementation of a smart building control system. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering, Macau, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEBE.2009.42"},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Mozer, M.C. (1998). The neural network house: An environment hat adapts to its inhabitants. Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Intelligent Environments, AAAI Press."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, G., and Whitehouse, K. (2009, January 3). The self-programming thermostat: Optimizing setback schedules based on home occupancy patterns. Proceedings of the First ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings, Berkeley, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/1810279.1810294"},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Dong, B., and Andrews, B. (2009, January 27\u201330). Sensor-based occupancy behavioral pattern recognition for energy and comfort management in intelligent buildings. Proceedings of the IBPSA Conference of Building Simulation, Glasgow, UK."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2004.61","article-title":"Creating an ambient-intelligence environment using embedded agents","volume":"19","author":"Hagras","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Nguyen, T.A., and Aiello, M. (2012, January 24\u201326). Beyond Indoor Presence Monitoring with Simple Sensors. Proceeding of Pervasive and Embedded Computing and Communication Systems, Rome, Italy."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Kim, Y., Charbiwala, Z., Singhania, A., Schmid, T., and Srivastava, M.B. (2008, January 2\u20133). Spotlight: Personal natural resource consumption profiler. Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Hot Topics in Embedded Networked Sensors, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2014.11.062","article-title":"Energy consumption in households while unoccupied: Evidence from dormitories","volume":"87","author":"Anderson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2006.273150","article-title":"A pyroelectric infrared sensor-based indoor localization-aware system for the smart home","volume":"52","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, D., Sheng, W., and Zeng, R. (2015, January 8\u201312). Indoor human localization using PIR sensors and accessibility map. 2015 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Technology in Automation, Control, and Intelligent Systems (CYBER), Shenyang, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/CYBER.2015.7288004"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, J., Sookoor, T., Srinivasan, V., Gao, G., Holben, B., Stankovic, J., and Whitehouse, K. (2010, January 3\u20135). The smart thermostat. Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems SenSys \u201810, Zurich, Switzerland.","DOI":"10.1145\/1869983.1870005"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2013.11.033","article-title":"Three unobtrusive domestic occupancy measurement technologies under qualitative review","volume":"69","author":"Naghiyev","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2010.09.014","article-title":"Towards a sensor for detecting human presence and characterizing activity","volume":"43","author":"Benezeth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balaji, B., Xu, J., Nwokafor, A., Gupta, R., and Agarwal, Y. (2013, January 11\u201315). Sentinel: Occupancy based HVAC actuation using existing WiFi infrastructure within commercial buildings. Proceedings of the 11th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems\u2014SenSys \u201813, Roma, Italy.","DOI":"10.1145\/2517351.2517370"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prieto, J., De Paz, J.F., Villarrubia, G., De la Prieta, F., and Corchado, J.M. (2015). Unified fingerprinting\/ranging localization in harsh environments. International. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw., 11.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/479765"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2012.2183126","article-title":"Adaptive data fusion for wireless localization in harsh environments","volume":"60","author":"Prieto","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pajuelo, P., P\u00e9rez, M.C., Villadangos, J.M., Garcia, E., Gualda, D., Ure\u00f1a, J., and Hern\u00e1ndez, A. (2015, January 8\u201311). Implementation of indoor positioning algorithms using Android smartphones. Proceedings of the IEEE 20th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA), Luxembourg, Luxembourg.","DOI":"10.1109\/ETFA.2015.7301621"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corna, A., Fontana, L., Nacci, A.A., and Sciuto, D. (2015, January 9\u201313). Occupancy detection via iBeacon on Android devices for smart building management. Proceedings of the 2015 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition, Grenoble, France.","DOI":"10.7873\/DATE.2015.0753"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3250","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2016.2515065","article-title":"Context-aided Inertial Navigation via Belief Condensation. Measurements","volume":"64","author":"Prieto","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda, \u00d3., Alonso, R.S., Tapia, D.I., and Corchado, J.M. (2015). CAFCLA: A Framework to Design, Develop, and Deploy AmI-Based Collaborative Learning Applications. Recent Advances in Ambient Intelligence and Context-Aware Computing, IGI Global.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-4666-7284-0.ch012"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villavicencio, C.P., Schiaffino, S., D\u00edaz-Pace, J.A., and Monteserin, A. (2016). A Group Recommendation System for Movies based on MAS. Adv. Distrib. Comput. Artif. Intell. J., 5.","DOI":"10.14201\/ADCAIJ201653112"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez Mar\u00edn, P.A., Giraldo, M., Tabares, V., Duque, N., and Ovalle, D. (2016). Educational Resources Recommendation System for a heterogeneous Student Group. Adv. Distrib. Comput. Artif. Intell. J., 5.","DOI":"10.14201\/ADCAIJ2016532130"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2003.1167344","article-title":"Amazon.com recommendations: Item-to-item collaborative filtering","volume":"7","author":"Linden","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Comput."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.10.084","article-title":"Online engagement for sustainable energy projects: A systematic review and framework for integration","volume":"54","author":"Schuitema","year":"2016","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Paz, J.F., Tapia, D.I., Alonso, R.S., Pinz\u00f3n, C.I., Bajo, J., and Corchado, J.M. (2013). Mitigation of the ground reflection effect in real-time locating systems based on wireless sensor networks by using artificial neural networks. Knowl. Inf. Syst., 1\u201325.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10115-012-0479-8"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-6080(94)90079-5","article-title":"Computational aspects of Kolmogorov\u2019s superposition theorem","volume":"7","author":"Katsuura","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LeCun, Y.A., Bottou, L., Orr, G.B., and M\u00fcller, K.R. (2012). Efficient backprop. Neural Networks: Tricks of the Trade, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-35289-8_3"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177728190","article-title":"Remarks on some nonparametric estimates of a density function","volume":"27","author":"Rosenblatt","year":"1956","journal-title":"Ann. Math. Stat."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2003.823141","article-title":"Unscented filtering and nonlinear estimation","volume":"92","author":"Julier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"ref_67","unstructured":"Bellifemine, F., Poggi, A., and Rimassa, G. (1999, January 19\u201321). JADE\u2013A FIPA-compliant agent framework. Proceedings of PAAM, London, UK."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2005.05.019","article-title":"A survey of trust and reputation systems for online service provision","volume":"43","author":"Ismail","year":"2007","journal-title":"Decis. Support Syst."},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"(2017, March 12). n-Core Platform. Available online: http:\/\/www.nebusens.com\/en\/products\/n-core."},{"key":"ref_70","unstructured":"(2017, March 12). Cloogy. Available online: http:\/\/www.cloogy.com\/media\/30958\/brochura_cloogy_residential_en.pdf."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/8\/1749\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:44:40Z","timestamp":1760208280000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/8\/1749"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,31]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["s17081749"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s17081749","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,31]]}}}