{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T12:57:16Z","timestamp":1762001836121,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,31]],"date-time":"2017-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61405046, 61505041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61405046, 61505041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China","award":["F2015011, 51305089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F2015011, 51305089"]}]},{"name":"the Application Technology Research and Development Projects of Harbin","award":["2016RAQXJ140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016RAQXJ140"]}]},{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2016YFC0205200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0205200"]}]},{"name":"the Financial Grant from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["2014M560262 and 2015T80350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014M560262 and 2015T80350"]}]},{"name":"the Financial Grant from the Heilongjiang Province Postdoctoral Foundation","award":["LBH-TZ0602 and LBH-Z14074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LBH-TZ0602 and LBH-Z14074"]}]},{"name":"the financial support from a grant C-0586 from the Welch Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A 3D printing technique was introduced to a quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) sensor and is reported for the first time. The acoustic detection module (ADM) was designed and fabricated using the 3D printing technique and the ADM volume was compressed significantly. Furthermore, a small grin lens was used for laser focusing and facilitated the beam adjustment in the 3D-printed ADM. A quartz tuning fork (QTF) with a low resonance frequency of 30.72 kHz was used as the acoustic wave transducer and acetylene (C2H2) was chosen as the analyte. The reported miniaturized QEPAS trace gas sensor is useful in actual sensor applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17081750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]],"date-time":"2017-08-01T03:30:06Z","timestamp":1501558206000},"page":"1750","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A Miniaturized QEPAS Trace Gas Sensor with a 3D-Printed Acoustic Detection Module"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xiaotao","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Power and Energy Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youhong","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Power and Energy Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9788-7984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yufei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2245-7565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"Tittel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24078","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.024078","article-title":"Real-time, subsecond, multicomponent breath analysis by optical parametric oscillator based off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy","volume":"19","author":"Arslanov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt. 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