{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T15:18:32Z","timestamp":1784128712440,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,4]],"date-time":"2017-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The availability of silicon photonic integrated circuits (ICs) in the 2\u20134 \u03bcm wavelength range enables miniature optical sensors for trace gas and bio-molecule detection. In this paper, we review our recent work on III\u2013V-on-silicon waveguide circuits for spectroscopic sensing in this wavelength range. We first present results on the heterogeneous integration of 2.3 \u03bcm wavelength III\u2013V laser sources and photodetectors on silicon photonic ICs for fully integrated optical sensors. Then a compact 2 \u03bcm wavelength widely tunable external cavity laser using a silicon photonic IC for the wavelength selective feedback is shown. High-performance silicon arrayed waveguide grating spectrometers are also presented. Further we show an on-chip photothermal transducer using a suspended silicon-on-insulator microring resonator used for mid-infrared photothermal spectroscopy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17081788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,4]],"date-time":"2017-08-04T11:07:08Z","timestamp":1501844828000},"page":"1788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["III\u2013V-on-Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuits for Spectroscopic Sensing in the 2\u20134 \u03bcm Wavelength Range"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ruijun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Research Group, Ghent University-imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 15, Ghent 9052, Belgium"},{"name":"Center for Nano- and Biophotonics (NB-Photonics), Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7712-2183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Vasiliev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Research Group, Ghent University-imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 15, Ghent 9052, Belgium"},{"name":"Center for Nano- and Biophotonics (NB-Photonics), Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Muneeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Research Group, Ghent University-imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 15, Ghent 9052, Belgium"},{"name":"Center for Nano- and Biophotonics (NB-Photonics), Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Research Group, Ghent University-imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 15, Ghent 9052, Belgium"},{"name":"Center for Nano- and Biophotonics (NB-Photonics), Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Sprengel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Walter Schottky Institut, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Am Coulombwall 4, Garching 85748, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Boehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Walter Schottky Institut, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Am Coulombwall 4, Garching 85748, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus-Christian","family":"Amann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Walter Schottky Institut, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Am Coulombwall 4, Garching 85748, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ieva","family":"\u0160imonyt\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brolis Semiconductors UAB, Moletu pl. 73, Vilnius LT-14259, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augustinas","family":"Vizbaras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brolis Semiconductors UAB, Moletu pl. 73, Vilnius LT-14259, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristijonas","family":"Vizbaras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brolis Semiconductors UAB, Moletu pl. 73, Vilnius LT-14259, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roel","family":"Baets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Research Group, Ghent University-imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 15, Ghent 9052, Belgium"},{"name":"Center for Nano- and Biophotonics (NB-Photonics), Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunther","family":"Roelkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Research Group, Ghent University-imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 15, Ghent 9052, Belgium"},{"name":"Center for Nano- and Biophotonics (NB-Photonics), Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Vivien, L., and Pavesi, L. 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