{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:14:22Z","timestamp":1760242462996,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/L020920\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/L020920\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a complete biosensing system that comprises a Thin Film Transistor (TFT)-based nanoribbon biosensor and a low noise, high-performance bioinstrumentation platform, capable of detecting sub-30 mpH unit changes, validated by an enzymatic biochemical reaction. The nanoribbon biosensor was fabricated top-down with an ultra-thin (15 nm) polysilicon semiconducting channel that offers excellent sensitivity to surface potential changes. The sensor is coupled to an integrated circuit (IC), which combines dual switched-capacitor integrators with high precision analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Throughout this work, we employed both conventional pH buffer measurements as well as urea-urease enzymatic reactions for benchmarking the overall performance of the system. The measured results from the urea-urease reaction demonstrate that the system can detect urea in concentrations as low as 25 \u03bcM, which translates to a change of 27 mpH, according to our initial pH characterisation measurements. The attained accuracy and resolution of our system as well as its low-cost manufacturability, high processing speed and portability make it a competitive solution for applications requiring rapid and accurate results at remote locations; a necessity for Point-of-Care (POC) diagnostic platforms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17092000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T11:05:24Z","timestamp":1504263924000},"page":"2000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Sub-30 mpH Resolution Thin Film Transistor-Based Nanoribbon Biosensing Platform"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Zeimpekis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanoelectronics &amp; Nanotechnology Research Group, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0995-4834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Papadimitriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanoelectronics &amp; Nanotechnology Research Group, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6807-6253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanoelectronics &amp; Nanotechnology Research Group, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunxiao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanoelectronics &amp; Nanotechnology Research Group, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Ashburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanoelectronics &amp; Nanotechnology Research Group, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hywel","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanoelectronics &amp; Nanotechnology Research Group, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Themistoklis","family":"Prodromakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanoelectronics &amp; Nanotechnology Research Group, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.mie.2016.03.006","article-title":"Portable enzyme-paper biosensors based on redox-active CeO2 nanoparticles","volume":"571","author":"Karimi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2004.04.005","article-title":"Recent advances in enzyme assays","volume":"22","author":"Goddard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.15244\/pjoes\/28352","article-title":"Enzyme-based fluorescent biosensors and their environmental, clinical and industrial applications","volume":"24","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pol. 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