{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:14:24Z","timestamp":1760242464058,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,3]],"date-time":"2017-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, we report characterizations of biofunctionalized magnetic nanoparticles (BMNPs) associated with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) for biomedical applications. The example BMNP in this study is anti-alpha-fetoprotein (anti-AFP) conjugated onto dextran-coated Fe3O4 labeled as Fe3O4-anti-AFP, and the target is AFP. We characterize magnetic properties, such as increments of magnetization \u0394MH and effective relaxation time \u0394\u03c4eff in the reaction process. It is found that both \u0394MH and \u0394\u03c4eff are enhanced when the concentration of AFP, \u0424AFP, increases. The enhancements are due to magnetic interactions among BMNPs in magnetic clusters, which contribute extra MH after the association with MH and in turn enhance \u03c4eff. The screening of patients carrying hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is verified via \u0394MH\/MH. The proposed method can be applied to detect a wide variety of analytes. The scaling characteristics of \u0394MH\/MH show the potential to develop a vibrating sample magnetometer system with low field strength for clinic applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17092018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]],"date-time":"2017-09-04T11:11:52Z","timestamp":1504523512000},"page":"2018","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Characterizations of Anti-Alpha-Fetoprotein-Conjugated Magnetic Nanoparticles Associated with Alpha-Fetoprotein for Biomedical Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5794-7583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu-Hsien","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electro-Optical Science and Technology, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Han-Sheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electro-Optical Science and Technology, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Jen-Jie","family":"Chieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electro-Optical Science and Technology, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Yu-Kai","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electro-Optical Science and Technology, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Fu","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electro-Optical Science and Technology, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Kai-Wen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.051532","article-title":"Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA)\/Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)","volume":"51","author":"Lequin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. 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