{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:13:59Z","timestamp":1760242439479,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]],"date-time":"2017-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper deals with a recent design of event-driven observer-based smart sensors for output feedback control of linear systems. We re-design the triggering mechanism proposed in a previously reported system with the implementation of self-sampling data smart sensors; as a result, we improve its performance. Our approach is theoretically supported by using Lyapunov theory and numerically evidenced by controlling the inverted pendulum on the cart mechanism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17092028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]],"date-time":"2017-09-04T11:11:52Z","timestamp":1504523512000},"page":"2028","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Event-Driven Observer-Based Smart-Sensors for Output Feedback Control of Linear Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4965-1133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Acho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech (EEBE), Barcelona 08930, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"Phillips, C.L., and Nagle, H.T. (2007). Digital Control System Analysis and Design, Prentice Hall Press.","key":"ref_1"},{"unstructured":"Landau, I.D., and Zito, G. (2005). Digital Control Systems: Design, Identification And Implementation, Springer Science Business Media.","key":"ref_2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, Q.Y., and Yang, G.H. (2017). Sampled-data output feedback control based on a new event-triggered control scheme. Inf. Sci.","key":"ref_3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2017.06.009"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1109\/JAS.2014.7004686","article-title":"Event-triggered optimal adaptive control algorithm for continuous-time nonlinear systems","volume":"1","author":"Vamvoudakis","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE\/CAA J. Autom. Sin."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2014.2366855","article-title":"Dynamic triggering mechanisms for event-triggered control","volume":"60","author":"Girard","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Control"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, H., and Hao, F. (2015, January 28\u201330). Adaptive model-based event-triggered control for linear systems. Proceedings of the Control Conference (CCC), Hangzhou, China.","key":"ref_6","DOI":"10.1109\/ChiCC.2015.7260684"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2014.04.026","article-title":"Event-driven observer-based output feedback control for linear systems","volume":"50","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1002\/rnc.2815","article-title":"L2-Gain analysis of event-triggered networked control systems: A discontinuous Lyapunov functional approach","volume":"23","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2016.10.009","article-title":"Event-driven observer-based control for distributed parameter systems using mobile sensor and actuator","volume":"72","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Math. Appl."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cta.2015.0342","article-title":"Self-triggering-based sliding-mode control for linear systems","volume":"9","author":"Behera","year":"2015","journal-title":"IET Control Theor. Appl."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1002\/asjc.928","article-title":"Event-triggered control of linear systems with saturated inputs","volume":"17","author":"Ni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian J. Control"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1002\/asjc.1276","article-title":"Model based robust control law for linear event-triggered system","volume":"18","author":"Tripathy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J. Control"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfranklin.2016.09.021","article-title":"Observer-based decentralized event-triggered H\u221e control for networked systems","volume":"354","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Franklin Inst."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2016.08.019","article-title":"A novel approach to periodic event-triggered control: Design and application to the inverted pendulum","volume":"65","author":"Guinaldo","year":"2016","journal-title":"ISA Trans."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6795","DOI":"10.3390\/s90906795","article-title":"On the application of different event-based sampling strategies to the control of a simple industrial process","volume":"9","author":"Guarnes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2007.904277","article-title":"Event-triggered real-time scheduling of stabilizing control tasks","volume":"52","author":"Tabuada","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Control"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfranklin.2017.04.016","article-title":"Modeling and stabilization of networked control systems with bounded packet dropouts and occasionally missing control inputs subject to multiple sampling periods","volume":"34","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Franklin Inst."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"83","article-title":"Asymptotic analysis of digital control systems","volume":"9","author":"Miheev","year":"1988","journal-title":"Avtomatika I Telemekhanika"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2009.08.009","article-title":"Stability analysis of systems with stochastically varying delays","volume":"58","author":"Verriest","year":"2009","journal-title":"Syst. Control Lett."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2006.11.024","article-title":"Sampled-data H\u221e control and filtering: Nonuniform uncertain sampling","volume":"43","author":"Suplin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1109\/9.917667","article-title":"Nonlinear H\u221e-control of time-varying systems: A unified distribution-based formalism for continuous and sampled-data measurement feedback design","volume":"46","author":"Orlov","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Control"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1109\/9.233150","article-title":"H\u221e control and filtering for sampled-data systems","volume":"38","author":"Sun","year":"1993","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Control"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1137\/S0363012991223121","article-title":"Characterization of the L2-induced norm for linear systems with jumps with applications to sampled-data systems","volume":"32","author":"Sivashankar","year":"1994","journal-title":"SIAM J. Control Optim."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2013.2246491","article-title":"On stability of systems with aperiodic sampling devices","volume":"58","author":"Kao","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Control"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14729","DOI":"10.3182\/20110828-6-IT-1002.01580","article-title":"A hierarchical varying sampling H\u221e control of an AUV","volume":"44","author":"Roche","year":"2011","journal-title":"IFAC Proc. Volumes"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2008.10.002","article-title":"Stability and stabilization of nonuniform sampling systems","volume":"44","author":"Suh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2440","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2009.2029304","article-title":"A discrete-time approach to stability analysis of systems with aperiodic sample-and-hold devices","volume":"54","author":"Fujioka","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Control"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.3182\/20110828-6-IT-1002.00824","article-title":"SOS for sampled-data systems","volume":"44","author":"Seuret","year":"2011","journal-title":"IFAC Proc. Volumes"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2013.08.022","article-title":"Convex conditions for robust stability analysis and stabilization of linear aperiodic impulsive and sampled-data systems under dwell-time constraints","volume":"49","author":"Briat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2009.2026179","article-title":"An H\u221e LPV design for sampling varying controllers: Experimentation with a T-inverted pendulum","volume":"18","author":"Robert","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Briat, C. (2015). Linear Parameter-Varying and Time-Delay Systems: Analysis, Observation, Filtering & Control, Springer.","key":"ref_31","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-44050-6"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2016.05.008","article-title":"Observer-based feedback stabilization of linear systems with event-triggered sampling and dynamic quantization","volume":"94","author":"Tanwani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst. Control Lett."},{"unstructured":"Liberzon, D. (2005). Switching in systems and control, Springer Science Business Media.","key":"ref_33"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1109\/37.793443","article-title":"Basic problems in stability and design of switched systems","volume":"19","author":"Liberzon","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Control Syst."},{"unstructured":"Khalil, H.K. (2002). Nonlinear Systems, Prentice Hall Press. [3rd ed.].","key":"ref_35"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1002\/asjc.202","article-title":"Stabilization of the furuta pendulum with backlash using H\u221e-LMI technique: Experimental validation","volume":"12","author":"Pujol","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asian J. Control"},{"unstructured":"Pujol, G., Acho, L., N\u00e1poles, A., and P\u00e9rez-Garc\u00eda, V. (arXiv, 2014). Experimental realization of the Furuta pendulum to emulate the Segway motion, arXiv.","key":"ref_37"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1109\/87.481763","article-title":"A roll stabilization system for a monohull ship: Modeling, identification, and adaptive control","volume":"4","author":"Fortuna","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, N., Vidal, Y., and Acho, L. (2014). Wind Turbine Control and Monitoring, Springer.","key":"ref_39","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-08413-8"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vidal, Y., Acho, L., Luo, N., and Tutiven, C. (2014). Hardware in the loop wind turbine simulator for control system testing. Wind Turbine Control and Monitoring, Springer.","key":"ref_40","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-08413-8_15"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/9\/2028\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:44:03Z","timestamp":1760208243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/9\/2028"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}},"alternative-id":["s17092028"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s17092028","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]]}}}