{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T20:07:28Z","timestamp":1778098048527,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,6]],"date-time":"2017-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning of Korea","award":["NRF-2012M3A7B4035198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2012M3A7B4035198"]}]},{"name":"the Ministry of Education of Korea","award":["NRF-2012R1A6A1029029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2012R1A6A1029029"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this article, we report on a flexible sensor based on a sandpaper molded elastomer that simultaneously detects planar displacement, rotation angle, and vertical contact pressure. When displacement, rotation, and contact pressure are applied, the contact area between the translating top elastomer electrode and the stationary three bottom electrodes change characteristically depending on the movement, making it possible to distinguish between them. The sandpaper molded undulating surface of the elastomer reduces friction at the contact allowing the sensor not to affect the movement during measurement. The sensor showed a 0.25 mm\u22121 displacement sensitivity with a \u00b133 \u03bcm accuracy, a 0.027 degree\u22121 of rotation sensitivity with ~0.95 degree accuracy, and a 4.96 kP\u22121 of pressure sensitivity. For possible application to joint movement detection, we demonstrated that our sensor effectively detected the up-and-down motion of a human forefinger and the bending and straightening motion of a human arm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17092040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,6]],"date-time":"2017-09-06T11:23:34Z","timestamp":1504697014000},"page":"2040","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Simultaneous Detection of Displacement, Rotation Angle, and Contact Pressure Using Sandpaper Molded Elastomer Based Triple Electrode Sensor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2864-4329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunsuk","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Onejae","family":"Sul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung-Beck","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11556","DOI":"10.3390\/s101211556","article-title":"The use of wearable inertial motion sensors in human lower limb biomechanics studies: A systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Fong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2014.2331895","article-title":"Kinematic Parameters to evaluate functional performance of sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit transitions using motion sensor devices: A systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Millor","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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