{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T18:07:08Z","timestamp":1775066828787,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,7]],"date-time":"2017-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are effective drug carriers. By using electromagnetic actuated systems, MNPs can be controlled noninvasively in a vascular network for targeted drug delivery (TDD). Although drugs can reach their target location through capturing schemes of MNPs by permanent magnets, drugs delivered to non-target regions can affect healthy tissues and cause undesirable side effects. Real-time monitoring of MNPs can improve the targeting efficiency of TDD systems. In this paper, a two-dimensional (2D) real-time monitoring scheme has been developed for an MNP guidance system. Resovist particles 45 to 65 nm in diameter (5 nm core) can be monitored in real-time (update rate = 2 Hz) in 2D. The proposed 2D monitoring system allows dynamic tracking of MNPs during TDD and renders magnetic particle imaging-based navigation more feasible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17092050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,7]],"date-time":"2017-09-07T13:59:10Z","timestamp":1504792750000},"page":"2050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Real-Time Two-Dimensional Magnetic Particle Imaging for Electromagnetic Navigation in Targeted Drug Delivery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Tuan-Anh","family":"Le","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering & ReCAPT, Gyeongsang National University,  Jinju 660-701, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai 264209, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali Kafash","family":"Hoshiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin Branch, Qazvin 34199-15195, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1350-5334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jungwon","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering & ReCAPT, Gyeongsang National University,  Jinju 660-701, Korea"},{"name":"School of Integrated Technology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2013.11.009","article-title":"Cancer nanotechnology: The impact of passive and active targeting in the era of modern cancer biology","volume":"66","author":"Bertrand","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. 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