{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T20:26:23Z","timestamp":1770841583298,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,9]],"date-time":"2017-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2016YFB0402505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFB0402505"]}]},{"name":"the National Basic Research Program of China","award":["2015CB352100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015CB352100"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61771360, 61604115, 61601360, 61675191, 61335010, 11404239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61771360, 61604115, 61601360, 61675191, 61335010, 11404239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China","award":["2016ZDJC-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016ZDJC-09"]}]},{"name":"the Shaanxi Innovative Talent Promotion Program","award":["2017KJXX-32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017KJXX-32"]}]},{"name":"the National Key Laboratory Foundation"},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has been studied as a resistive ammonia gas sensor at room temperature. The sensitive hybrid material composed of rGO and nano-silver ink (Ag-ink) was loaded on a microstrip patch antenna to realize high-performance wireless ammonia sensors. The material was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Firstly, interdigital electrodes (IDEs) printed on the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by direct printing were employed to measure the variation of resistance of the sensitive material with the ammonia concentration. The results indicated the response of sensor varied from 4.25% to 14.7% under 15\u2013200 ppm ammonia concentrations. Furthermore, the hybrid material was loaded on a microstrip patch antenna fabricated by a conventional printed circuit board (PCB) process, and a 10 MHz frequency shift of the sensor antenna could be observed for 200 ppm ammonia gas. Finally, the wireless sensing property of the sensor antenna was successfully tested using the same emitted antenna outside the gas chamber with a high gain of 5.48 dBi, and an increased reflection magnitude of the emitted antenna due to the frequency mismatch of the sensor antenna was observed. Therefore, wireless ammonia gas sensors loaded on a patch antenna have significant application prospects in the field of Internet of Things (IoTs).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17092070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]],"date-time":"2017-09-11T10:28:46Z","timestamp":1505125726000},"page":"2070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["High-Performance Wireless Ammonia Gas Sensors Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide and Nano-Silver Ink Hybrid Material Loaded on a Patch Antenna"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0430-033X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bian","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Antennas and Microwave Technology, Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingfei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Antennas and Microwave Technology, Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beiju","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yutong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Antennas and Microwave Technology, Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuantong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongda","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2004.11.054","article-title":"Ammonia sensors and their applications: A review","volume":"107","author":"Timmer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sens. 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