{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T11:08:58Z","timestamp":1763809738460,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]],"date-time":"2017-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201606680041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201606680041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61571146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61571146"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HEUCFP201769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HEUCFP201769"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sparse arrays have gained considerable attention in recent years because they can resolve more sources than the number of sensors. The coprime array can resolve     O ( M N )     sources with only     O ( M + N )     sensors, and is a popular sparse array structure due to its closed-form expressions for array configuration and the reduction of the mutual coupling effect. However, because of the existence of holes in its coarray, the performance of subspace-based direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithms such as MUSIC and ESPRIT is limited. Several coarray interpolation approaches have been proposed to address this issue. In this paper, a novel DOA estimation approach via direct coarray interpolation is proposed. By using the direct coarray interpolation, the reshaping and spatial smoothing operations in coarray-based DOA estimation are not needed. Compared with existing approaches, the proposed approach can achieve a better accuracy with lower complexity. In addition, an improved angular resolution capability is obtained by using the proposed approach. Numerical simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17092149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]],"date-time":"2017-09-19T11:04:35Z","timestamp":1505819075000},"page":"2149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A Direct Coarray Interpolation Approach for Direction Finding"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, No. 145 Nantong Street, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7013-9612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muran","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, No. 145 Nantong Street, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Depaprtment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Limin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, No. 145 Nantong Street, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3881","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2012.2194289","article-title":"Robust adaptive beamforming based on interference covariance matrix reconstruction and steering vector estimation","volume":"60","author":"Gu","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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