{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T08:24:39Z","timestamp":1769847879128,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,29]],"date-time":"2017-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A light-up fluorescent probe for the detection of adenosine was constructed with an AIE (aggregation-induced emission) molecule and a DNA aptamer. The AIE molecule was used as a signal generator, and the DNA aptamer was used as a recognition element for adenosine. The emission of the AIE molecule was due to its intramolecular rotation restriction induced by the aptamer upon binding of adenosine. The optimal component ratio of the probe was AIE molecule \/ DNA aptamer = 100 (\u03bcM\/\u03bcM). The calibration curve of adenosine detection showed a linear range of 10 pM to 0.5 \u03bcM with an R2 of 0.996, and the detection limit of the probe was 10 pM. The probe exhibited a good selectivity to adenosine against its analogs (uridine, guanosine, and cytidine). The probe was used to detect adenosine in urine samples, a recovery from 86.8% to 90.0% for the spiked concentrations of adenosine (0.01, 0.05, 0.1 \u03bcM). The relative standard deviation from 1.2% to 2.0% was obtained. The intra-day and inter-day tests also showed good precisions, with measurement RSD values of 2.3% and 2.1%, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17102246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,29]],"date-time":"2017-09-29T12:24:04Z","timestamp":1506687844000},"page":"2246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A Light-Up Probe for Detection of Adenosine in Urine Samples by a Combination of an AIE Molecule and an Aptamer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yingying","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weihong","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11718","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00263","article-title":"Aggregation-induced emission: Together we shine, united we soar!","volume":"115","author":"Mei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1039\/C6MH00060F","article-title":"Fabrication of fluorescent nanoparticles based on AIE luminogens (AIE dots) and their applications in bioimaging","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater. Horiz."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4228","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CS00325J","article-title":"Biosensing by Luminogens with Aggregation-induced Emission Characteristics","volume":"44","author":"Kwok","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1021\/ar3003464","article-title":"Bioprobes based on AIE fluorogens","volume":"46","author":"Ding","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59078","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA10511G","article-title":"Precise aggregation-induced emission enhancement via H+ sensing and its use in ratiometric detection of intracellular pH values","volume":"4","author":"Rananaware","year":"2014","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3832","DOI":"10.1021\/jo502760e","article-title":"Tetraphenylethene-based star shaped porphyrins: Synthesis, self-assembly, and optical and photophysical study","volume":"80","author":"Rananaware","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1071\/CH16459","article-title":"Synthesis of a tetraphenylethene-substituted tetrapyridinium salt with multifunctionality: Mechanochromism, cancer cell imaging, and DNA marking","volume":"70","author":"Rananaware","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aust. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"663A","article-title":"The nucleic acid ligand. A new tool for molecular recognition","volume":"67","author":"McGown","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2826","DOI":"10.1039\/c0an00365d","article-title":"Adenosine-aptamer recognition-induced assembly of gold nanorods and a highly sensitive plasmon resonance coupling assay of adenosine in the brain of model sd rat","volume":"135","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2015.12.028","article-title":"Aptasensor based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer for the analysis of adenosine in urine samples of lung cancer patients","volume":"79","author":"Hashemian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2012.05.011","article-title":"Adenosine and its receptors as therapeutic targets: An overview","volume":"21","author":"Sachdeva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm. J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wittmann, B.M., Stirdivant, S.M., Mitchell, M.W., Wulff, J.E., McDunn, J.E., Li, Z., Dennis-Barrie, A., Neri, B.P., Milburn, M.V., Lotan, Y., and Wolfert, R.L. (2014). Bladder cancer biomarker discovery using global metabolomic profiling of urine. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115870"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6428","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.200701723","article-title":"Label-free fluorescent probing of g-quadruplex formation and real-time monitoring of DNA folding by a quaternized tetraphenylethene salt with aggregation-induced emission characteristics","volume":"14","author":"Hong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. A Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2400","DOI":"10.1039\/c0an00163e","article-title":"DNA aptamer folding on magnetic beads for sequential detection of adenosine and cocaine by substrate-resolved chemiluminescence technology","volume":"135","author":"Yan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2011.08.014","article-title":"Time-resolved fluorescence biosensor for adenosine detection based on home-made europium complexes","volume":"29","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2012.05.032","article-title":"A gold nanoparticles-modified aptamer beacon for urinary adenosine detection based on structure-switching\/fluorescence-\u201cturning on\u201d mechanism","volume":"70","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2015.03.014","article-title":"Label-free fluorescence dual-amplified detection of adenosine based on exonuclease iii-assisted DNA cycling and hybridization chain reaction","volume":"70","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2015.05.046","article-title":"An enzyme-free strategy for ultrasensitive detection of adenosine using a multipurpose aptamer probe and malachite green","volume":"887","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.200900778","article-title":"Fluorescent bioprobes: Structural matching in the docking processes of aggregation-induced emission fluorogens on DNA surfaces","volume":"16","author":"Hong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. A Eur. J."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/10\/2246\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:46:19Z","timestamp":1760208379000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/10\/2246"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,29]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}},"alternative-id":["s17102246"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s17102246","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,29]]}}}