{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T13:56:03Z","timestamp":1773842163067,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61505019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61505019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61520106013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61520106013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61605023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61605023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning","award":["2015020666"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015020666"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for Dalian University of technology","award":["DUT16RC (4)52"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DUT16RC (4)52"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities","award":["DUT16TD17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DUT16TD17"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005154","name":"PetroChina Innovation Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016D-5007-0603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016D-5007-0603"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005154","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We proposed and demonstrated a novel tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG)-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) label-free biosensor via a special boronic acid derivative to detect glycoprotein with high sensitivity and selectivity. TFBG, as an effective sensing element for optical sensing in near-infrared wavelengths, possess the unique capability of easily exciting the SPR effect on fiber surface which coated with a nano-scale metal layer. SPR properties can be accurately detected by measuring the variation of transmitted spectra at optical communication wavelengths. In our experiment, a 10\u00b0 TFBG coated with a 50 nm gold film was manufactured to stimulate SPR on a sensor surface. To detect glycoprotein selectively, the sensor was immobilized using designed phenylboronic acid as the recognition molecule, which can covalently bond with 1,2- or 1,3-diols to form five- or six-membered cyclic complexes for attaching diol-containing biomolecules and proteins. The phenylboronic acid was synthetized with long alkyl groups offering more flexible space, which was able to improve the capability of binding glycoprotein. The proposed TFBG-SPR sensors exhibit good selectivity and repeatability with a protein concentration sensitivity up to 2.867 dB\/ (mg\/mL) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 15.56 nM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17102259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,2]],"date-time":"2017-10-02T13:10:05Z","timestamp":1506949805000},"page":"2259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["A Novel Fiber Optic Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors with Special Boronic Acid Derivative to Detect Glycoprotein"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, China"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, China"}]},{"given":"Siyu","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, China"}]},{"given":"Zexu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, China"}]},{"given":"Qiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, China"}]},{"given":"Yiying","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, China"}]},{"given":"Zhenlin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, China"}]},{"given":"Zhenguo","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, China"}]},{"given":"Changsen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"023039","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/10\/2\/023039","article-title":"Theoretical understanding of an alternating dielectric multilayer-based fiber optic SPR sensor and its application to gas sensing","volume":"10","author":"Sharma","year":"2008","journal-title":"New J. Phys."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2013.2245117","article-title":"Fiber optic refractometer based on cladding excitation of localized surface plasmon resonance","volume":"25","author":"Zhi","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3883","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-014-8411-6","article-title":"Review of plasmonic fiber optic biochemical sensors: Improving the limit of detection","volume":"407","author":"Caucheteur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21729","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.021729","article-title":"Fiber-optic waveguide coupled surface plasmon resonance sensor","volume":"7","author":"Ahn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.201100039","article-title":"Tilted fiber Bragg grating sensors","volume":"7","author":"Albert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Laser Photonics Rev."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.32.000211","article-title":"Plasmon resonances in gold-coated tilted fiber Bragg gratings","volume":"32","author":"Shevchenko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.35.000637","article-title":"Polarization-selective grating excitation of plasmons in cylindrical optical fibers","volume":"35","author":"Shevchenko","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2918","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.23.002918","article-title":"Near-infrared grating-assisted SPR optical fiber sensors: Design rules for ultimate refractometric sensitivity","volume":"23","author":"Caucheteur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21693","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.021693","article-title":"Tapered optical fiber sensor based on localized surface plasmon resonance","volume":"20","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-1878(199905)21:5<412::AID-BIES8>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Protein glycosylation in development and disease","volume":"21","author":"Dennis","year":"1999","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.3.1576-1580.2001","article-title":"Ebola virus glycoprotein: Proteolytic processing, acylation, cell tropism, and detection of neutralizing antibodies","volume":"75","author":"Ito","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2011.12.001","article-title":"Glycans as cancer biomarkers","volume":"1820","author":"Adamczyk","year":"2012","journal-title":"BBA Gen. Subj."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4400","DOI":"10.1039\/b806983m","article-title":"Glycoarrays\u2014Tools for determining protein-carbohydrate interactions and glycoenzyme specificity","volume":"37","author":"Laurent","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2011.01.030","article-title":"Surface plasmon resonance for real-time study of lectin\u2013carbohydrate interactions for the differentiation and identification of glycoproteins","volume":"84","author":"Safina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8115","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5b00870","article-title":"Label-Free Glycoprofiling with Multiplex Surface Plasmon Resonance: A Tool to Quantify Sialylation of Erythropoietin","volume":"87","author":"Geuijen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.3390\/bios4040358","article-title":"Evaluating the Equilibrium Association Constant between ArtinM Lectin and Myeloid Leukemia Cells by Impedimetric and Piezoelectric Label Free Approaches","volume":"4","author":"Carvalho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14562","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CC04976H","article-title":"Electrochemical sensing using boronic acids","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1039\/c0cc02920c","article-title":"Boronic acid building blocks: Tools for sensing and separation","volume":"47","author":"Nishiyabu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2016.12.046","article-title":"Detection of glycoprotein through fluorescent boronic acid-based molecularly imprinted polymer","volume":"960","author":"Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.11.121","article-title":"Mercaptophenylboronic acid-capped Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots for highly selective and sensitive fluorescence detection of glycoproteins","volume":"243","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2016.06.054","article-title":"Facile synthesis of red emitting 3-aminophenylboronic acid functionalized copper nanoclusters for rapid, selective and highly sensitive detection of glycoproteins","volume":"86","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.06.107","article-title":"Boronic acid modified fiber optic SPR sensor and its application in saccharide detection","volume":"220","author":"Qian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1021\/jp410937f","article-title":"Effective Permittivity of Ultrathin Chemical Vapor Deposited Gold Films on Optical Fibers at Infrared Wavelengths","volume":"118","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.40.001713","article-title":"Absolute near-infrared refractometry with a calibrated tilted fiber Bragg grating","volume":"40","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2013.07.030","article-title":"Highly sensitive detection of molecular interactions with plasmonic optical fiber grating sensors","volume":"51","author":"Voisin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2015.11.047","article-title":"Highly sensitive detection of urinary protein variations using tilted fiber grating sensors with plasmonic nanocoatings","volume":"78","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600157","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.201600157","article-title":"A true fiber optic refractormeter","volume":"11","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Laser Photonics Rev."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/10\/2259\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:46:26Z","timestamp":1760208386000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/10\/2259"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}},"alternative-id":["s17102259"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s17102259","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]]}}}