{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T05:47:52Z","timestamp":1771048072270,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]],"date-time":"2017-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An aging population and human longevity is a global trend. Many developed countries are struggling with the yearly increasing healthcare cost that dominantly affects their economy. At the same time, people living with old adults suffering from a progressive brain disorder such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease are enduring even more stress and depression than those patients while caring for them. Accordingly, seniors\u2019 ability to live independently and comfortably in their current home for as long as possible has been crucial to reduce the societal cost for caregiving and thus give family members peace of mind, called \u2018aging in place\u2019 (AIP). In this paper we present a way of building AIP services using standard-based IoT platforms and heterogeneous IoT products. An AIP service platform is designed and created by combining previous standard-based IoT platforms in a collaborative way. A service composition tool is also created that allows people to create AIP services in an efficient way. To show practical usability of our proposed system, we choose a service scenario for medication compliance and implement a prototype service which could give old adults medication reminder appropriately at the right time (i.e., when it is time to need to take pills) through light and speaker at home but also wrist band and smartphone even outside the home.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17102311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]],"date-time":"2017-10-11T12:17:47Z","timestamp":1507724267000},"page":"2311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Building IoT Services for Aging in Place Using Standard-Based IoT Platforms and Heterogeneous IoT Products"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sheik","family":"Fattah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IoT Platform Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Seongnam 13509, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nak-Myoung","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IoT Platform Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Seongnam 13509, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Il-Yeup","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IoT Platform Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Seongnam 13509, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minwoo","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service Laboratory, Institute of Convergence Technology, KT R&D Center, Seoul 06763, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaeseok","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internet of Things, SCH Media Labs, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"He, W., Goodkind, D., and Kowal, P. (2016). An Aging World: 2015."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2017, July 17). Healthy Aging Begins at Home. Available online: https:\/\/bipartisanpolicy.org\/library\/recommendations-for-healthy-aging\/."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2017, July 17). Health Spending. Available online: https:\/\/data.oecd.org\/healthres\/health-spending.htm."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2004.1316816","article-title":"Aware Technologies for Aging in Place: Understanding User Needs and Attitudes","volume":"3","author":"Mynatt","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Pervasive Comput."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2010.05.010","article-title":"The Internet of Things: A survey","volume":"54","author":"Atzori","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comput. Net."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"(2017, August 07). Do more with LIFX\u2014IFTTT. Available online: https:\/\/ifttt.com\/lifx."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2008.02.001","article-title":"A review of smart homes\u2014Present state and future challenge","volume":"91","author":"Chan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Prog. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2009.07.014","article-title":"Smart homes\u2014Current features and future perspectives","volume":"64","author":"Chan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1258\/jtt.2008.070905","article-title":"Current status and future perspectives in telecare for elderly people suffering from chronic diseases","volume":"14","author":"Botsis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Telemed. Telecare"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kleinberger, T., Becker, M., Ras, E., Holzinger, A., and M\u00fcller, P. (2007, January 22\u201327). Ambient Intelligence in Assisted Living: Enable Elderly People to Handle Future Interfaces. Proceedings of the International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction (UAHCI \u201907), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Beijing, China.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-73281-5_11"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2004.1297237","article-title":"Inventing Wellness Systems for Aging in Place","volume":"37","author":"Dishman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Computer"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-007-0017-1","article-title":"Pervasive Healthcare and Wireless Health Monitoring","volume":"12","author":"Varshney","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mob. Net. Appl."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2013.121313.00064","article-title":"Wireless Body Area Networks: A Survey","volume":"16","author":"Movassaghi","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-011-0288-5","article-title":"Internet of things: Applications and challenges in technology and standardization","volume":"58","author":"Bandyopadhyay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Wirel. Pers. Commun."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2013.01.010","article-title":"Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions","volume":"29","author":"Gubbi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Future Gen. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.10.006","article-title":"A Review of Internet of Things for Smart Home: Challenges and Solutions","volume":"140","author":"Stojkoska","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Prod."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.3390\/s150102137","article-title":"Integrated semantics service platform for the Internet of Things: A case study of a smart office","volume":"15","author":"Ryu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Ryu, M., Yun, J., Miao, T., Ahn, I.-Y., Choi, S.-C., and Kim, J. (2015, January 1\u20134). Design and Implementation of a Connected Farm for Smart Farming System. Proceedings of the IEEE Sensors, Busan, Korea."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2016.7721747","article-title":"System Design of the Internet of Things for Residential Smart Grid","volume":"23","author":"Viswanath","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2017.31","article-title":"ISO-Standardized Smart City Platform Architecture and Dashboard","volume":"16","author":"Zdraveski","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Pervasive Comput."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yun, J., Ahn, I.-Y., Choi, S.-C., and Kim, J. (2016). TTEO (Things Talk to Each Other): Programming Smart Spaces Based on IoT Systems. Sensors, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16040467"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2015.7389813","article-title":"A device software platform for consumer electronics based on the Internet of Things","volume":"51","author":"Yun","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yun, J., Teja, R.C., Chen, N., Sung, N.-M., and Kim, K. (2016, January 19\u201321). Interworking of oneM2M-based IoT systems and legacy systems for consumer products. Proceedings of the International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC \u201916), Jeju Island, Korea.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTC.2016.7763511"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.7514163","article-title":"Standard-based IoT Platforms Interworking: Implementation, Experiences and Lessons Learned","volume":"54","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2015.7355582","article-title":"Toward Semantic Interoperability in oneM2M Architecture","volume":"53","author":"Alaya","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.1600460CM","article-title":"Standards-Based Worldwide Semantic Interoperability for IoT","volume":"54","author":"Kovacs","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2015.149","article-title":"The Web of Things: Challenges and Opportunities","volume":"48","author":"Raggett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computer"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lanza, J., Sanchez, L., Gomez, D., Elsaleh, T., Steinke, R., and Cirillo, F. (2016). A Proof-of-Concept for Semantically Interoperable Federation of IoT Experimentation Facilities. Sensors, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16071006"},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Perrey, R., and Lycett, M. (2003, January 27\u201331). Service-oriented architecture. Proceedings of the Applications and the Internet Workshops, Orlando, FL, USA."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2010.11","article-title":"Service Composition Issues in Pervasive Computing","volume":"9","author":"Hansen","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Pervasive Comput."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2007.1039","article-title":"Dynamic Service Composition in Pervasive Computing","volume":"18","author":"Kalasapur","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2003.1228529","article-title":"Pervasive Information Communities Organization (PICO): A Middleware Framework for Pervasive Computing","volume":"2","author":"Kumar","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Pervasive Comput."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2014.04.054","article-title":"Web services composition: A decade\u2019s overview","volume":"280","author":"Sheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Guinard, D., Trifa, V., and Wilde, E. (December, January 29). A resource oriented architecture for the web of things. Proceedings of the Internet of Things (IOT), Tokyo, Japan."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Gazis, V., Sasloglou, K., Frangiadakis, N., Kikiras, P., Merentitis, A., Mathioudakis, K., and Mazarakis, G. (August, January 30). Architectural blueprints of a unified sensing platform for the Internet of Things. Proceedings of the 22 International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN 13), Nassau, Bahamas."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2013.01.002","article-title":"Involving people with dementia in the development of supportive IT applications: A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Span","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1159\/000430949","article-title":"Older Adults\u2019 Reasons for Using Technology while Aging in Place","volume":"62","author":"Peek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peek, S.T.M., Aarts, S., and Wouters, E.J.M. (2017). Can Smart Home Technology Deliver on the Promise of Independent Living?. Handbook of Smart Homes, Health Care and Well-Being, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-01583-5_41"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3222","article-title":"Defining digital medicine","volume":"33","author":"Elenko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heinz, M., Cho, J., Kelly, N., Martin, P., Wong, J., Franke, W., Hsieh, W.-H., and Blaser, J. (2016). The Potential of Three Computer-Based Communication Activities for Supporting Older Adult Independent Living. Information, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/info7020026"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2016.11.013","article-title":"Digital technology to enable aging in place","volume":"88","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Caldeira, C., Bietz, M., Vidauri, M., and Chen, Y. (March, January 25). Senior Care for Aging in Place: Balancing Assistance and Independence. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW \u201917), Portland, OR, USA."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"55","article-title":"Ambient Assisted Living Technologies for Aging Well: A Scoping Review","volume":"25","author":"Blackman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Consel, C., Dupuy, L., and Sauz\u00e9on, H. (2017, January 17\u201321). HomeAssist: An Assisted Living Platform for Aging in Place Based on an Interdisciplinary Approach. Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics, Los Angeles, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-60483-1_14"},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Aguiar, C.H.D., Fateminasab, R., Frazelle, C.G., Scott, R., Wang, Y., Wooten, M.B., Green, K.E., and Walker, I.D. (2016, January 21\u201325). The Networked, Robotic home+ Furniture Suite: A Distributed, Assistive Technology Facilitating Aging in Place. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE \u201916), Fort Worth, TX, USA."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-014-0810-3","article-title":"Sensor-based observations of daily living for aging in place","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pers. Ubiquitous Comput."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24054","DOI":"10.3390\/s150924054","article-title":"A User-Centric Knowledge Creation Model in a Web of Object-Enabled Internet of Things Environment","volume":"15","author":"Kibria","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kibria, M.G., and Chong, I. (2016). Knowledge Base Open IoT Service Provisioning Architecture on Beacon Enabled Web-of-Objects. Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Net., 12.","DOI":"10.1177\/1550147716660896"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2013.6525602","article-title":"Enabling Smart Cities through a Cognitive Management Framework for the Internet of Things","volume":"51","author":"Vlacheas","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelaidonis, D., Somov, A., Foteinos, V., Poulios, G., Stavroulaki, V., Vlacheas, P., Demestichas, P., Baranov, A., Biswas, A.R., and Giaffreda, R. (2012, January 1\u20133). Virtualization and cognitive management of real world objects in the internet of things. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom \u201912), Xiangtan, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/GreenCom.2012.37"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jarwar, M.A., Ali, S., Kibria, M.G., Kumar, S., and Chong, I. (2017, January 4\u20137). Exploiting interoperable microservices in web objects enabled Internet of Things. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN \u201917), Milan, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICUFN.2017.7993746"},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Web of Objects (2017, August 09). ITEA3 Projects, D3.3: WoO Reference Architecture. Available online: https:\/\/itea3.org\/project\/web-of-objects.html."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"(2017, August 07). The oneM2M Initiative. Available online: http:\/\/www.onem2m.org\/."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, J., Choi, S.-C., Ahn, I.-Y., Sung, N.-M., and Yun, J. (2016). From WSN towards WoT: Open API Scheme Based on oneM2M Platforms. Sensors, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16101645"},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"(2017, August 07). Eclipse OM2M Project. Available online: http: \/\/www.eclipse.org\/om2m\/."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"(2017, August 07). The Internet of Things Data Management (IoTDM) on OpenDaylight (ODL) Project. Available online: https:\/\/wiki.opendaylight.org\/view\/IoTDM_Overview."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"(2017, August 07). OCEAN (Open allianCE for iot stANdard). Available online: http:\/\/iotocean.org."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"(2017, August 07). OCEAN Developers. Available online: http:\/\/developers.iotocean.org\/."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"(2017, August 07). Open Connectivity Foundation. Available online: https:\/\/openconnectivity.org."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"(2017, August 07). Lightweight M2M, Open Mobile Alliance. Available online: http:\/\/openmobilealliance.org\/iot\/lightweight-m2m-lwm2m."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"(2017, August 07). oneM2M, TS-0012, oneM2M Base Ontology. Available online: website."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"(2017, August 07). M3-Lite Ontology. Available online: http:\/\/lov.okfn.org\/dataset\/lov\/vocabs\/m3lite."},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"(2017, August 07). OWL-S. Available online: https:\/\/www.w3.org\/Submission\/OWL-S\/."},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"(2017, August 07). Apache Jena. Available online: https:\/\/jena.apache.org."},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"(2017, August 07). Prot\u00e9g\u00e9. Available online: http:\/\/protege.stanford.edu\/."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1983.tb03391.x","article-title":"Assessing Self-maintenance: Activities of Daily Living, Mobility, and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living","volume":"31","author":"Katz","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"93","article-title":"Katz index of independence in activities of daily living (ADL)","volume":"27","author":"Wallace","year":"2007","journal-title":"Urol. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/37.1.91","article-title":"A research and service oriented multilevel assessment instrument","volume":"37","author":"Lawton","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000314810.46029.74","article-title":"The Lawton instrumental activities of daily living scale","volume":"108","author":"Graf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_70","unstructured":"(2017, August 07). Forget to Take Meds? The Real Cost of Ignoring Your Doctors\u2019 Orders. Available online: http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/sponsored\/cvs-innovation-care\/forget-take-meds-real-cost-ignoring-your-doctors-orders\/89\/."},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"Yun, J., Choi, S.-C., Sung, N.-M., and Kim, J. (2015, January 1\u20134). Towards Global Interworking of IoT Systems\u2014oneM2M Interworking Proxy Entities. Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Embedded Networks Sensor System (SenSys \u201915), Seoul, Korea."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"91","article-title":"Dynamic Service Composition and Development Using Heterogeneous IoT Systems","volume":"22","author":"Ryu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Korea Soc. Comput. Inf."},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"107","article-title":"Medication Reminder System for Smart Aging Services Using IoT Platforms and Products","volume":"22","author":"Sung","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Korea Soc. Comput. Inf."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/10\/2311\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:47:01Z","timestamp":1760208421000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/10\/2311"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}},"alternative-id":["s17102311"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s17102311","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]]}}}