{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:15:27Z","timestamp":1760242527785,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,13]],"date-time":"2017-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bragg gratings in etched polymer fibres and their unique properties and characteristics are discussed in this paper. Due to the change in material and mechanical properties of the polymer fibre through etching, Bragg gratings inscribed in such fibres show high reflectivity and enhanced intrinsic sensitivity towards strain, temperature, and pressure. The short-term and long-term stability of the gratings and the effect of hysteresis on the dynamic characteristics are also discussed. The unique properties and enhanced intrinsic sensitivity of etched polymer fibre Bragg grating are ideal for the development of high-sensitivity sensors for biomedical applications. To demonstrate their biomedical sensing capabilities, a high-sensitivity pressure transducer that operates in the blood pressure range, and a breathing rate monitoring device are developed and presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17102336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,13]],"date-time":"2017-10-13T11:34:09Z","timestamp":1507894449000},"page":"2336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Etched Polymer Fibre Bragg Gratings and Their Biomedical Sensing Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ginu","family":"Rajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia"}]},{"given":"Kishore","family":"Bhowmik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HFC Network Assurance, HFC Operations, NBN, Sydney 2060, Australia"}]},{"given":"Jiangtao","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia"}]},{"given":"Gang-Ding","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW Australia, Sydney 2052, Australia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1006\/ofte.1998.0298","article-title":"Photosensitivity in dye-doped polymer optical fibres","volume":"5","author":"Peng","year":"1999","journal-title":"Opt. Fibre Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1109\/68.748232","article-title":"Highly Tunable Bragg Gratings in Single-Mode Polymer Optical Fibres","volume":"11","author":"Xiong","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2003.820115","article-title":"Novel growth behaviors of fibre Bragg gratings in polymer optical fibre under UV irradiation with low power","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1177\/0142331207081724","article-title":"Photosensitive polymer optical fibres and gratings","volume":"29","author":"Tao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trans. Inst. Meas. Control"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2014.2311121","article-title":"Inscription of multiple Bragg gratings in a single-mode polymer fiber using a single phase mask and its analysis","volume":"14","author":"Rajan","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuang, K.S.C., Quek, S.T., Koh, C.G., Cantwell, W.J., and Scully, P.J. (2009). Plastic Optical Fibre Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring: A Review of Recent Progress. J. Sens., 312053.","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/312053"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2011.2169941","article-title":"Investigation into time response of polymer fibre Bragg grating based humidity sensors","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Light. Technol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2013.2242883","article-title":"High sensitivity force and pressure measurements using etched single mode polymer fibre Bragg gratings","volume":"13","author":"Rajan","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2014.2311441","article-title":"Experimental Study and Analysis of a Polymer Fibre Bragg Grating Embedded in a Composite Material","volume":"32","author":"Rajan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Light. Technol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2500109","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOT.2016.2524210","article-title":"Etching process related changes and effects on solid-core single-mode polymer optical fiber grating","volume":"8","author":"Bhowmik","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics J."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2014.2385875","article-title":"Intrinsic high-sensitivity sensors based on etched single-mode polymer optical fibers","volume":"27","author":"Bhowmik","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"034403","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3102073","article-title":"High-sensitivity fiber Bragg grating pressure sensor using metal bellows","volume":"48","author":"Dong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Opt. Eng."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2010.08.069","article-title":"Improved thermal and strain performance of annealed polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings","volume":"284","author":"Yuan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt. Commun."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3155","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/18\/10\/S17","article-title":"Development of an electrically tuneable Bragg grating filter in polymer fibre operating at 1.55 \u00b5m","volume":"17","author":"Kalli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, Z. (2016). Polymer optical fiber for smart textiles. Handbook of Smart Textiles, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-4451-68-0_23-2"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/10\/2336\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:47:13Z","timestamp":1760208433000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/10\/2336"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,13]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}},"alternative-id":["s17102336"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s17102336","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,13]]}}}