{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T06:03:01Z","timestamp":1775109781346,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]],"date-time":"2017-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Knowledge Economy (MKE), Rep. of Korea","award":["10041059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10041059"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spinal disease is a common yet important condition that occurs because of inappropriate posture. Prevention could be achieved by continuous posture monitoring, but most measurement systems cannot be used in daily life due to factors such as burdensome wires and large sensing modules. To improve upon these weaknesses, we developed comfortable \u201csmart wear\u201d for posture measurement using conductive yarn for circuit patterning and a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) for interconnections. The conductive yarn was made by twisting polyester yarn and metal filaments, and the resistance per unit length was about 0.05 \u2126\/cm. An embroidered circuit was made using the conductive yarn, which showed increased yield strength and uniform electrical resistance per unit length. Circuit networks of sensors and FPCBs for interconnection were integrated into clothes using a computer numerical control (CNC) embroidery process. The system was calibrated and verified by comparing the values measured by the smart wear with those measured by a motion capture camera system. Six subjects performed fixed movements and free computer work, and, with this system, we were able to measure the anterior\/posterior direction tilt angle with an error of less than 4\u00b0. The smart wear does not have excessive wires, and its structure will be optimized for better posture estimation in a later study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17112560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]],"date-time":"2017-11-07T11:46:01Z","timestamp":1510055161000},"page":"2560","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["The Development of an IMU Integrated Clothes for Postural Monitoring Using Conductive Yarn and Interconnecting Technology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sung-Won","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon 34129, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4341-5508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyeob","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea"}]},{"given":"Hyung-Il","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon 34129, Korea"}]},{"given":"Byoung-Gun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon 34129, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3734-8612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyobin","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fashion & Textiles, konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea"}]},{"given":"Dongjun","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BNSoft, Inc., Seoul 08378, Korea"}]},{"given":"Young-Giu","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"YM-Naeultech, Incheon 22212, Korea"}]},{"given":"Jun-Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"YM-Naeultech, Incheon 22212, Korea"}]},{"given":"Hong-Won","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea High Tech Textile Research Institute, Yangju-si 11410, Korea"}]},{"given":"Sukyung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4906-4059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung-Sim","family":"Roh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fashion & Textiles, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2011.2161486","article-title":"A wearable real-time intelligent posture corrective system using vibrotactile feedback","volume":"16","author":"Gopalai","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE\/ASME Trans. Mechatron."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sardini, E., Serpelloni, M., and Pasqui, V. (2015, January 11\u201314). Daylong sitting posture measurement with a new wearable system for at home body movement monitoring. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC), Pisa, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/I2MTC.2015.7151345"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattmann, C., Amft, O., Harms, H., Troster, G., and Clemens, F. (2007, January 11\u201313). Recognizing Upper Body Posture using Textile Strain Sensors. Proceedings of the 2007 11th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers, Boston, MA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISWC.2007.4373773"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dunne, L.E., Walsh, P., Smyth, B., and Caulfield, B. (2006, January 11\u201314). Design and Evaluation of a Wearable Optical Sensor for Monitoring Seated Spinal Posture. Proceedings of the 2006 10th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers, Montreux, Switzerland.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISWC.2006.286345"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1177\/0040517513503733","article-title":"Textile touch sensors for wearable and ubiquitous interfaces","volume":"84","author":"Roh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Text. Res. J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2012.08.048","article-title":"Graphene-based transparent strain sensor","volume":"51","author":"Bae","year":"2013","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2011.36","article-title":"A stretchable carbon nanotube strain sensor for human-motion detection","volume":"6","author":"Yamada","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. 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J."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/11\/2560\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:48:25Z","timestamp":1760208505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/11\/2560"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["s17112560"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s17112560","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]]}}}