{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T13:42:33Z","timestamp":1772113353173,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]],"date-time":"2017-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is a global debate and concern about the use of glyphosate (Gly) as an herbicide. New toxicological studies will determine its use in the future under new strict conditions or its replacement by alternative synthetic or natural herbicides. In this context, we designed biomimetic polymer sensing layers for the selective molecular recognition of Gly. Towards this end, complementary surface acoustic wave (SAW) and electrochemical sensors were functionalized with polypyrrole (PPy)-imprinted polymer for the selective detection of Gly. Their corresponding limits of detection were on the order of 1 pM, which are among the lowest values ever reported in literature. The relevant dissociation constants between PPy and Gly were estimated at [Kd1 = (0.7 \u00b1 0.3) pM and Kd2 = (1.6 \u00b1 1.4) \u00b5M] and [Kd1 = (2.4 \u00b1 0.9) pM and Kd2 = (0.3 \u00b1 0.1) \u00b5M] for electrochemical and gravimetric measurements, respectively. Quantum chemical calculations permitted to estimate the interaction energy between Gly and PPy film: \u0394E = \u2212145 kJ\/mol. Selectivity and competitivity tests were investigated with the most common pesticides. This work conclusively shows that gravimetric and electrochemical results indicate that both MIP-based sensors are perfectly able to detect and distinguish glyphosate without any ambiguity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17112586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]],"date-time":"2017-11-09T11:33:02Z","timestamp":1510227182000},"page":"2586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Highly Selective Polypyrrole MIP-Based Gravimetric and Electrochemical Sensors for Picomolar Detection of Glyphosate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zouhour","family":"Mazouz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Recherches et d\u2019Analyses Physico-chimiques, Laboratoire Mat\u00e9riaux, Traitement et Analyse, BiotechPole Sidi-Thabet, 2032 Ariana, Tunisia"}]},{"given":"Seyfeddine","family":"Rahali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche en Mod\u00e9lisation des Sciences Fondamentales et Didactiques, Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Campus Universitaire Farhat-Hached Tunis, Rommana 1068, Tunisia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4252-4411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Najla","family":"Fourati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cnam, SATIE, UMR CNRS 8029, 292 Rue Saint Martin, 75003 Paris, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0583-4229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chouki","family":"Zerrouki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cnam, SATIE, UMR CNRS 8029, 292 Rue Saint Martin, 75003 Paris, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2235-6062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia","family":"Aloui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAUM, UMR CNRS 6613, Universit\u00e9 du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans CEDEX 9, France"}]},{"given":"Mahamadou","family":"Seydou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ITODYS, UMR CNRS 7086, Universit\u00e9 Paris Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, 15 Rue J-A de Ba\u00eff, 75013 Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Nourdin","family":"Yaakoubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAUM, UMR CNRS 6613, Universit\u00e9 du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans CEDEX 9, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6098-983X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Chehimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, ICMPE, UMR CNRS 7182, 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Othmane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine de Monastir, Laboratoire d\u2019Interfa\u00e7e et de Mat\u00e9riaux Avanc\u00e9s, Universit\u00e9 de Monastir, Av. Avicenne, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia"}]},{"given":"Rafik","family":"Kalfat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Recherches et d\u2019Analyses Physico-chimiques, Laboratoire Mat\u00e9riaux, Traitement et Analyse, BiotechPole Sidi-Thabet, 2032 Ariana, Tunisia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2017, September 28). Glyphosate Facts. Transparency on Safety Aspects and Use of Glyphosate-Containing Herbicide in Europe. Available online: http:\/\/www.glyphosate.eu\/glyphosate-basics\/history-glyphosate."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2016.11.005","article-title":"Perinatal exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide alters the thyrotrophic axis and causes thyroid hormone homeostasis imbalance in male rats","volume":"377","author":"Souzaa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2017, September 28). 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