{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T07:50:52Z","timestamp":1767772252767,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]],"date-time":"2017-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Optical detection is reliable in intrinsically characterizing partial discharges (PDs). Because of the great volume and high-level power supply of the optical devices that can satisfy the requirements in photosensitivity, optical PD detection can merely be used in laboratory studies. To promote the practical application of the optical approach in an actual power apparatus, a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM)-based PD sensor is introduced in this paper, and its basic properties, which include the sensitivity, pulse resolution, correlation with PD severity, and electromagnetic (EM) interference immunity, are experimentally evaluated. The stochastic phase-resolved PD pattern (PRPD) for three typical insulation defects are obtained by SiPM PD detector and are compared with those obtained using a high-frequency current transformer (HFCT) and a vacuum photomultiplier tube (PMT). Because of its good performances in the above aspects and its additional advantages, such as the small size, low power supply, and low cost, SiPM offers great potential in practical optical PD monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17112595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]],"date-time":"2017-11-10T11:12:26Z","timestamp":1510312346000},"page":"2595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Towards Optical Partial Discharge Detection with Micro Silicon Photomultipliers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ming","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation for Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4692-4404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jierui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation for Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation for Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9745-6933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chongxing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation for Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation for Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1586-5931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Albarrac\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica, Electr\u00f3nica, Autom\u00e1tica y F\u00edsica Aplicada, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda y Dise\u00f1o Industrial (ETSIDI), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), Ronda de Valencia 3, 28012 Madrid, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2003.07.006","article-title":"Status review on partial discharge measurement techniques in gas-insulated switchgear\/lines","volume":"69","author":"Metwally","year":"2004","journal-title":"Electr. 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