{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:16:37Z","timestamp":1760242597272,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,18]],"date-time":"2017-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prof. Paolo Cappa passed away on 26 August 2016, at the age of 59, after a long and courageous fight against cancer. Paolo Cappa was a Professor in Mechanical and Thermal Measurements and Experimental Biomechanics in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering of Sapienza University of Rome, where he had also served as the Head of the Department, and a Research Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering of New York University Tandon School of Engineering. During his intense, yet short, career, he made several significant scientific contributions within the discipline of Mechanical and Thermal Measurements, pioneering fundamental applications to Biomechanics. He co-founded the Motion Analysis and Robotics Laboratory (MARLab) within the Neurorehabilitation Division of IRCCS Pediatric Hospital \u201cBambino Gesu\u201d, in Rome, to fuel transitional research from the laboratory to clinical practice. Through collaboration with neurologists and physiatrists at MARLab, Prof. Cappa led the development of a powerful array of novel mechanical solutions to wearable robotics for pediatric patients, addressing dramatic needs for children\u2019s health and contributing to the training of an entire generation of Mechanical Engineering students.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17112661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,20]],"date-time":"2017-11-20T11:35:45Z","timestamp":1511177745000},"page":"2661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Memoriam: Paolo Cappa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3213-8261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Palermo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0006-7013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Engineering, Society and Business Organization (DEIM), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Patan\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Niccol\u00f2 Cusano University, via Don Gnocchi, 00166 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Laut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1480-3539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Porfiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02319360","article-title":"Using strain gages to measure both strain and temperature","volume":"32","author":"Cappa","year":"1992","journal-title":"Exp. Mech."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02325730","article-title":"Zero-shift values of automatic and inexpensive strain-gage instrumentation systems","volume":"31","author":"Cappa","year":"1991","journal-title":"Exp. Mech."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02322144","article-title":"Zero-shift evaluation of automatic strain-gage systems based on direct and reverse current method","volume":"33","author":"Cappa","year":"1993","journal-title":"Exp. Mech."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02318020","article-title":"Base strain effects on force measurements","volume":"36","author":"Cappa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Exp. Mech."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02330318","article-title":"Uncertainty associated with the gage factor in three-element strain-gage-rosette measurements","volume":"27","author":"Cappa","year":"1987","journal-title":"Exp. Mech."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1305.1989.tb00700.x","article-title":"Lubricant effects on strain fields of seven wire strands subjected to tensile load","volume":"25","author":"Cappa","year":"1989","journal-title":"Strain"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/00004669-199705000-00020","article-title":"A novel methodology for the experimental evaluation of pulmonary ventilator performance drift","volume":"22","author":"Branca","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Eng."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cappa, P., and Sciuto, S.A. (2000, January 23\u201328). Experimental analysis of the airway circuit effects on breathing pattern generated by neonatal pulmonary ventilators. Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology, Chicago, IL, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2000.901547"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1480453","article-title":"A novel preterm respiratory mechanics active simulator to test the performances of neonatal pulmonary ventilators","volume":"73","author":"Cappa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/03091900500040295","article-title":"Experimental evaluation of errors in the measurement of respiratory parameters of the newborn performed by a continuous flow neonatal ventilator","volume":"30","author":"Cappa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Med. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Sardellitti, I., Silvestri, S., and Cappa, P. (2003, January 17\u201321). A novel device to simulate low respiratory static compliances of pre-term infants measuring expansion tidal volume. Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology, Canc\u00fan, Mexico."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-1567.1997.tb00502.x","article-title":"An innovative experimental system to test response time and reliability of neonatal flow-triggered ventilators","volume":"21","author":"Branca","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp. Tech."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Branca, F.P., and Cappa, P. (1991, January 5\u201310). An experimental study of the accuracy and precision associated to an opto-electronic system utilized for gait analysis. Proceedings of the 12th Triennial World Congress of the International Measurement Confederation (IMEKO), Beijing, China."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"265","article-title":"Effects of the calibration procedure on the metrological performances of stereophotogrammetric systems for human movement analysis","volume":"101","author":"Rossi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Meas. J. Int. Meas. Confed."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.07.041","article-title":"Concurrent repeatability and reproducibility analyses of four marker placement protocols for the foot-ankle complex","volume":"49","author":"Rossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Marco, R., Rossi, S., Bachetti, B., Mazza, C., and Cappa, P. (2015, January 7\u20139). Effect of the calibration procedure of an optoelectronic system on the joint kinematics. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA), Torino, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/MeMeA.2015.7145220"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"015801","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/21\/1\/015801","article-title":"Centre of pressure in dynamic posturography: A comparison among systems based on a pressure matrix and a force platform","volume":"21","author":"Rossi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2016.2620799","article-title":"Analysis of Knee Strength Measurements Performed by a Hand-Held Multicomponent Dynamometer and Optoelectronic System","volume":"66","author":"Ancillao","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2049329","article-title":"Numerical validation of linear accelerometer systems for the measurement of head kinematics","volume":"127","author":"Cappa","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2355685","article-title":"A Redundant Accelerometric Cluster for the Measurement of Translational and Angular Acceleration and Angular Velocity of the Head","volume":"1","author":"Cappa","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Med. Device"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"055204","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/19\/5\/055204","article-title":"Two calibration procedures for a gyroscope-free inertial measurement system based on a double-pendulum apparatus","volume":"19","author":"Cappa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2013.06.018","article-title":"Compensation to whole body active rotation perturbation","volume":"39","author":"Rossi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/35\/3\/399","article-title":"Experimental evaluation of indoor magnetic distortion effects on gait analysis performed with wearable inertial sensors","volume":"35","author":"Palermo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2014.03.004","article-title":"Experimental evaluation of accuracy and repeatability of a novel body-to-sensor calibration procedure for inertial sensor-based gait analysis","volume":"52","author":"Palermo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Meas. J. Int. Meas. Confed."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Cappa, P., Pacilli, A., Palermo, E., and Rossi, S. (2015, January 15\u201330). Mobile Motion Capturing in Sport Session Based on Inertial Measurement Units. Proceedings of the 2nd International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications, Available online: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Paolo_Cappa\/publication\/283637985_Mobile_motion_capturing_in_sport_session_based_on_Inertial_Measurement_Units\/links\/5641dd5208aebaaea1f87e24.pdf."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abaid, N., Cappa, P., Palermo, E., Petrarca, M., and Porfiri, M. (2013). Gait Detection in Children with and without Hemiplegia Using Single-Axis Wearable Gyroscopes. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073152"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16212","DOI":"10.3390\/s140916212","article-title":"A novel HMM distributed classifier for the detection of gait phases by means of a wearable inertial sensor network","volume":"14","author":"Taborri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taborri, J., Scalona, E., Rossi, S., Palermo, E., Patan\u00e8, F., and Cappa, P. (2015, January 7\u20139). Real-time gait detection based on Hidden Markov Model\u202f: Is it possible to avoid training procedure?. Proceedings of the 2015 Medical Measurements and Applications, Torino, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/MeMeA.2015.7145188"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24514","DOI":"10.3390\/s150924514","article-title":"Validation of Inter-Subject Training for Hidden Markov Models Applied to Gait Phase Detection in Children with Cerebral Palsy","volume":"15","author":"Taborri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Motta, C., Palermo, E., Studer, V., Germanotta, M., Germani, G., Centonze, D., Cappa, P., Rossi, S., and Rossi, S. (2016). Disability and Fatigue Can Be Objectively Measured in Multiple Sclerosis. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148997"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mileti, I., Germanotta, M., Alcaro, S., Pacilli, A., Imbimbo, I., Petracca, M., Erra, C., Di Sipio, E., Aprile, I., and Rossi, S. (2017, January 7\u201310). Gait partitioning methods in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients with motor fluctuations: A comparative analysis. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA 2017), Rochester, MA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/MeMeA.2017.7985910"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pacilli, A., Mileti, I., Germanotta, M., Di Sipio, E., Imbimbo, I., Aprile, I., Padua, L., Rossi, S., Palermo, E., and Cappa, P. (November, January 29). A wearable setup for auditory cued gait analysis in patients with Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA 2016), Strasbourg, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/MeMeA.2016.7533796"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2015.2410773","article-title":"Robot-Aided Neurorehabilitation: A Pediatric Robot for Ankle Rehabilitation","volume":"23","author":"Michmizos","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossi, S., Patan\u00e8, F., Del Sette, F., and Cappa, P. (2014, January 12\u201315). WAKE-up: A wearable ankle knee exoskeleton. Proceedings of the IEEE RAS\/EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics, Sao Paulo, Brazil.","DOI":"10.1109\/BIOROB.2014.6913827"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2009.2037807","article-title":"Moment measurement accuracy of a parallel spherical robot for dynamic posturography","volume":"57","author":"Cappa","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2014.08.003","article-title":"Upper body balance control strategy during continuous 3D postural perturbation in young adults","volume":"41","author":"Amori","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2008.04.013","article-title":"Effect of changing visual condition and frequency of horizontal oscillations on postural balance of standing healthy subjects","volume":"28","author":"Cappa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2010.2089535","article-title":"A 3-DOF parallel robot with spherical motion for the rehabilitation and evaluation of balance performance","volume":"19","author":"Cappa","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2017.2651404","article-title":"WAKE-Up Exoskeleton to Assist Children with Cerebral Palsy: Design and Preliminary Evaluation in Level Walking","volume":"25","author":"Rossi","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cappa, P., Clerico, A., Nov, O., and Porfiri, M. (2013). Can Force Feedback and Science Learning Enhance the Effectiveness of Neuro-Rehabilitation? An Experimental Study on Using a Low-Cost 3D Joystick and a Virtual Visit to a Zoo. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083945"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laut, J., Cappa, F., Nov, O., and Porfiri, M. (2015). Increasing Patient Engagement in Rehabilitation Exercises Using Computer-Based Citizen Science. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117013"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.03.017","article-title":"Spatial memory training in a citizen science context","volume":"73","author":"Palermo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palermo, E., Laut, J., Nov, O., Cappa, P., and Porfiri, M. (2017). A natural user interface to integrate citizen science and physical exercise. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172587"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/11\/2661\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:50:14Z","timestamp":1760208614000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/11\/2661"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,18]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["s17112661"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s17112661","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,18]]}}}