{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T02:55:09Z","timestamp":1778554509186,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,22]],"date-time":"2017-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents an extrinsic Fabry\u2013Perot interferometer-based optical fiber sensor (EFPI) for measuring three-dimensional (3D) displacements, including interfacial sliding and debonding during delamination. The idea employs three spatially arranged EFPIs as the sensing elements. In our sensor, the three EFPIs are formed by three endfaces of three optical fibers and their corresponding inclined mirrors. Two coincident roof-like metallic structures are used to support the three fibers and the three mirrors, respectively. Our sensor was calibrated and then used to monitor interfacial sliding and debonding between a long square brick of mortar and its support structure (i.e., a steel base plate) during the drying\/curing process. This robust and easy-to-manufacture triaxial EFPI-based 3D displacement sensor has great potential in structural health monitoring, the construction industry, oil well monitoring, and geotechnology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17112696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,22]],"date-time":"2017-11-22T10:47:38Z","timestamp":1511347658000},"page":"2696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["An Optical Interferometric Triaxial Displacement Sensor for Structural Health Monitoring: Characterization of Sliding and Debonding for a Delamination Process"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3256-7330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA"}]},{"given":"Yizheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA"}]},{"given":"Yiyang","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA"}]},{"suffix":"II","given":"Rex","family":"Gerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Inventor Institute, Willow Spring, IL 60480, USA"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8659-2910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2011.12.038","article-title":"Durability of steel reinforced concrete in chloride environments: An overview","volume":"30","author":"Shi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Constr. 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