{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T03:40:24Z","timestamp":1778125224541,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,29]],"date-time":"2017-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation (NSF)","award":["1503634"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1503634"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this article, a new investigation on a low-temperature electrochemical hydrocarbon and NOx sensor is presented. Based on the mixed-potential-based sensing scheme, the sensor is constructed using platinum and metal oxide electrodes, along with an Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ)\/Strontium Titanate (SrTiO3) thin-film electrolyte. Unlike traditional mixed-potential sensors which operate at higher temperatures (&gt;400 \u00b0C), this potentiometric sensor operates at 200 \u00b0C with dominant hydrocarbon (HC) and NOx response in the open-circuit and biased modes, respectively. The possible low-temperature operation of the sensor is speculated to be primarily due to the enhanced oxygen ion conductivity of the electrolyte, which may be attributed to the space charge effect, epitaxial strain, and atomic reconstruction at the interface of the YSZ\/STO thin film. The response and recovery time for the NOx sensor are found to be 7 s and 8 s, respectively. The sensor exhibited stable response even after 120 days of testing, with an 11.4% decrease in HC response and a 3.3% decrease in NOx response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17122759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,30]],"date-time":"2017-11-30T03:15:15Z","timestamp":1512011715000},"page":"2759","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["A New Low-Temperature Electrochemical Hydrocarbon and NOx Sensor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Praveen","family":"Sekhar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanomaterials and Sensors Laboratory, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanomaterials and Sensors Laboratory, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA"}]},{"given":"Shyam","family":"Aravamudhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A &amp; T State University, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA"}]},{"given":"Ajit","family":"Khosla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.09.020","article-title":"Electrochemical ozone sensors: A miniaturized alternative for ozone measurements in laboratory experiments and air-quality monitoring","volume":"240","author":"Pang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. 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