{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:17:09Z","timestamp":1760242629076,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]],"date-time":"2017-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science foundation Projects of China","award":["41471323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41471323"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFB0503500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFB0503500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Specialized Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing of China"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spatial relationships are crucial to spatial knowledge representation, such as positioning localities. However, minimal attention has been devoted to positioning localities indoors with locality description. Distance and direction relations are generally used when positioning localities, namely, translating descriptive localities into spatially explicit ones. We propose a joint probability function to model locality distribution to address the uncertainty of positioning localities. The joint probability function consists of distance and relative direction membership functions. We propose definitions and restrictions for the use of the joint probability function to make the locality distribution highly practical. We also evaluate the performance of our approach through indoor experiments. Test results demonstrate that a positioning accuracy of 3.5 m can be achieved with the semantically derived spatial relationships.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17122828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]],"date-time":"2017-12-07T11:49:10Z","timestamp":1512647350000},"page":"2828","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Indoors Locality Positioning Using Cognitive Distances and Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yankun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab for Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab for Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6683-2342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruizhi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab for Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1109\/91.236554","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of properties and spatial relations of fuzzy image regions","volume":"1","author":"Krishnapuram","year":"1993","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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