{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T22:16:34Z","timestamp":1780438594931,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,9]],"date-time":"2017-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"The National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51777151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51777151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Key Technologies R&amp;D Programme","award":["2016GY-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016GY-001"]}]},{"name":"The National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2016YFB0901200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFB0901200"]}]},{"name":"the Shaanxi Provincial Key Technologies R&amp;D Programme","award":["2016GY-177"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016GY-177"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is a promising imaging technology of permittivity distributions in multiphase flow. To reduce the effect of charging phenomenon on ECT measurement, an improved extreme learning machine method combined with adaptive soft-thresholding (AST-ELM) is presented and studied for image reconstruction. This method can provide a nonlinear mapping model between the capacitance values and medium distributions by using machine learning but not an electromagnetic-sensitive mechanism. Both simulation and experimental tests are carried out to validate the performance of the presented method, and reconstructed images are evaluated by relative error and correlation coefficient. The results have illustrated that the image reconstruction accuracy by the proposed AST-ELM method has greatly improved than that by the conventional methods under the condition with charging object.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17122863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,11]],"date-time":"2017-12-11T12:26:37Z","timestamp":1512995197000},"page":"2863","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["An AST-ELM Method for Eliminating the Influence of Charging Phenomenon on ECT"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xiaoxin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Photoelectric Logging and Detecting of Oil and Gas, Xi\u2019an Shiyou University, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongli","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiqin","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Photoelectric Logging and Detecting of Oil and Gas, Xi\u2019an Shiyou University, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaihao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3735\/21\/3\/001","article-title":"Electronic transducers for industrial measurement of low value capacitances","volume":"21","author":"Huang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. 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