{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T11:52:48Z","timestamp":1772538768365,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]],"date-time":"2017-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program)","award":["2014AA041806"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014AA041806"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Plan","award":["2016YFF0203301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFF0203301"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Internal combustion engines (ICEs) are widely used in many important fields. The valve train clearance of an ICE usually exceeds the normal value due to wear or faulty adjustment. This work aims at diagnosing the valve clearance fault based on the vibration signals measured on the engine cylinder heads. The non-stationarity of the ICE operating condition makes it difficult to obtain the nominal baseline, which is always an awkward problem for fault diagnosis. This paper overcomes the problem by inspecting the timing of valve closing impacts, of which the referenced baseline can be obtained by referencing design parameters rather than extraction during healthy conditions. To accurately detect the timing of valve closing impact from vibration signals, we carry out a new method to detect and extract the commencement of the impacts. The results of experiments conducted on a twelve-cylinder ICE test rig show that the approach is capable of extracting the commencement of valve closing impact accurately and using only one feature can give a superior monitoring of valve clearance. With the help of this technique, the valve clearance fault becomes detectable even without the comparison to the baseline, and the changing trend of the clearance could be trackable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17122916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]],"date-time":"2017-12-15T12:23:56Z","timestamp":1513340636000},"page":"2916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Fault Diagnosis of Internal Combustion Engine Valve Clearance Using the Impact Commencement Detection Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhinong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnosis and Self-Recovering Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5839-5066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnosis and Self-Recovering Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"}]},{"given":"Zijia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnosis and Self-Recovering Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"}]},{"given":"Jinjie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnosis and Self-Recovering Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2017.06.033","article-title":"Vibro-acoustic condition monitoring of internal combustion engines: A critical review of existing techniques","volume":"99","author":"Delvecchio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mech. 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