{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T12:56:17Z","timestamp":1765976177244,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,24]],"date-time":"2017-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Crop monitoring is an essential practice within the field of precision agriculture since it is based on observing, measuring and properly responding to inter- and intra-field variability. In particular, \u201con ground crop inspection\u201d potentially allows early detection of certain crop problems or precision treatment to be carried out simultaneously with pest detection. \u201cOn ground monitoring\u201d is also of great interest for woody crops. This paper explores the development of a low-cost crop monitoring system that can automatically create accurate 3D models (clouds of coloured points) of woody crop rows. The system consists of a mobile platform that allows the easy acquisition of information in the field at an average speed of 3 km\/h. The platform, among others, integrates an RGB-D sensor that provides RGB information as well as an array with the distances to the objects closest to the sensor. The RGB-D information plus the geographical positions of relevant points, such as the starting and the ending points of the row, allow the generation of a 3D reconstruction of a woody crop row in which all the points of the cloud have a geographical location as well as the RGB colour values. The proposed approach for the automatic 3D reconstruction is not limited by the size of the sampled space and includes a method for the removal of the drift that appears in the reconstruction of large crop rows.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18010030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,26]],"date-time":"2017-12-26T03:06:38Z","timestamp":1514257598000},"page":"30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A Low-Cost Approach to Automatically Obtain Accurate 3D Models of Woody Crops"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Bengochea-Guevara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Automation and Robotics, CSIC-UPM, Arganda del Rey, Madrid 28500, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dionisio","family":"And\u00fajar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Automation and Robotics, CSIC-UPM, Arganda del Rey, Madrid 28500, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Sciences, CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Sanchez-Sardana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Automation and Robotics, CSIC-UPM, Arganda del Rey, Madrid 28500, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karla","family":"Cantu\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Automation and Robotics, CSIC-UPM, Arganda del Rey, Madrid 28500, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica y Sistemas Computacionales, Cotopaxi Technical University, Latacunga 050101, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5807-8132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Automation and Robotics, CSIC-UPM, Arganda del Rey, Madrid 28500, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"West, P.W. 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