{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T19:39:12Z","timestamp":1780601952566,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,24]],"date-time":"2017-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A coplanar electrode array sensor is established for the imaging of composite-material adhesive-layer defect detection. The sensor is based on the capacitive edge effect, which leads to capacitance data being considerably weak and susceptible to environmental noise. The inverse problem of coplanar array electrical capacitance tomography (C-ECT) is ill-conditioning, in which a small error of capacitance data can seriously affect the quality of reconstructed images. In order to achieve a stable image reconstruction process, a redundancy analysis method for capacitance data is proposed. The proposed method is based on contribution rate and anti-interference capability. According to the redundancy analysis, the capacitance data are divided into valid and invalid data. When the image is reconstructed by valid data, the sensitivity matrix needs to be changed accordingly. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the sensitivity map, singular value decomposition (SVD) is used. Finally, the two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) images are reconstructed by the Tikhonov regularization method. Through comparison of the reconstructed images of raw capacitance data, the stability of the image reconstruction process can be improved, and the quality of reconstructed images is not degraded. As a result, much invalid data are not collected, and the data acquisition time can also be reduced.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18010031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,26]],"date-time":"2017-12-26T03:06:38Z","timestamp":1514257598000},"page":"31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Redundancy Analysis of Capacitance Data of a Coplanar Electrode Array for Fast and Stable Imaging Processing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Yintang","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Measurement Technology and Instrumentation of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenda","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Measurement Technology and Instrumentation of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"},{"name":"Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Measurement Technology and Instrumentation of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"},{"name":"Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongtao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Measurement Technology and Instrumentation of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"},{"name":"Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115402","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/27\/11\/115402","article-title":"Imaging metallic samples using electrical capacitance tomography: Forward modelling and reconstruction algorithms","volume":"27","author":"Hosani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2013.06.006","article-title":"3D phase field modeling of electrohydrodynamic multiphase flows","volume":"57","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Multiph. Flow"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"29","article-title":"3D visualisation algorithms in industrial electrical process tomography systems","volume":"113","author":"Banasiak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Zesz. Nauk. Elektr."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"292","article-title":"A comparative study of three dimensional electrical capacitance tomography","volume":"3","author":"Soleimani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.4574","article-title":"Reconstructing the geometric configuration of three dimensional interface using electrical capacitance tomography","volume":"96","author":"Ren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/17\/8\/009","article-title":"Spatial imaging with 3D capacitance measurements","volume":"17","author":"Wajman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"065401","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/26\/6\/065401","article-title":"Evaluation of coplanar 3D electrical capacitance tomography: From single-plane to dual-plane configuration","volume":"26","author":"Wei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/25\/2\/025403","article-title":"Reconstruction of the three-dimensional inclusion shapes using electrical capacitance tomography","volume":"25","author":"Ren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2014.10.060","article-title":"Resolution analysis using fully 3D electrical capacitive tomography","volume":"61","author":"Ye","year":"2015","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.2528\/PIER09111201","article-title":"Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Inversion of Electrical Capacitance Tomography Data Using a Complete Sensor Model","volume":"100","author":"Wajman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. Electromagn. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8157","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2017.2719003","article-title":"Image Reconstruction for Electrical Capacitance Tomography through Redundant Sensitivity Matrix","volume":"17","author":"Moura","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/8\/5\/016","article-title":"Sensitivity distributions of capacitance tomography sensors with parallel field excitation","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2004.825039","article-title":"Sensitivity matrix calculation for fast 3-D electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) of flow systems","volume":"40","author":"Marashdeh","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/18\/7\/040","article-title":"Sensitivity map generation in electrical capacitance tomography using mixed normalization models","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"478","article-title":"Image reconstruction algorithms for electrical capacitance tomography","volume":"44","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Tsinghua Univ."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/30\/6\/S03","article-title":"GREIT: A unified approach to 2D linear EIT reconstruction of lung images","volume":"30","author":"Adler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114026","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/22\/11\/114026","article-title":"Design of a security screening system with a capacitance sensor matrix operating in single-electrode mode","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/1\/31\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:55:21Z","timestamp":1760208921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/1\/31"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,24]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["s18010031"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s18010031","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,24]]}}}