{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:17:07Z","timestamp":1760242627695,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,27]],"date-time":"2017-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant","award":["61772064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61772064"]}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["2017YJS005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YJS005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In wireless sensor networks, sensor nodes collect plenty of data for each time period. If all of data are transmitted to a Fusion Center (FC), the power of sensor node would run out rapidly. On the other hand, the data also needs a filter to remove the noise. Therefore, an efficient fusion estimation model, which can save the energy of the sensor nodes while maintaining higher accuracy, is needed. This paper proposes a novel mixed H2\/H\u221e-based energy-efficient fusion estimation model (MHEEFE) for energy-limited Wearable Body Networks. In the proposed model, the communication cost is firstly reduced efficiently while keeping the estimation accuracy. Then, the parameters in quantization method are discussed, and we confirm them by an optimization method with some prior knowledge. Besides, some calculation methods of important parameters are researched which make the final estimates more stable. Finally, an iteration-based weight calculation algorithm is presented, which can improve the fault tolerance of the final estimate. In the simulation, the impacts of some pivotal parameters are discussed. Meanwhile, compared with the other related models, the MHEEFE shows a better performance in accuracy, energy-efficiency and fault tolerance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18010056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,27]],"date-time":"2017-12-27T11:16:00Z","timestamp":1514373360000},"page":"56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mixed H2\/H\u221e-Based Fusion Estimation for Energy-Limited Multi-Sensors in Wearable Body Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Communication and Information Systems, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Commission of Education, Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenjiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han-Chieh","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China"},{"name":"School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430024, China"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2013.121313.00064","article-title":"Wireless Body Area Networks: A Survey","volume":"16","author":"Movassaghi","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2014.012214.00007","article-title":"A Survey on Wireless Body Area Networks: Technologies and Design Challenges","volume":"16","author":"Cavallari","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"unstructured":"Hamida, E.B., Alam, M.M., Maman, M., Denis, B., and D\u2019Errico, R. (2015, January 2\u20135). Wearable Body-to-Body networks for critical and rescue operations\u2014The CROW2 project. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 25th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communication (PIMRC), Washington, DC, USA.","key":"ref_3"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2015.07.216","article-title":"Al-Yad: A Wearable Sensor Network over DDS Middleware for Industrial Application","volume":"56","author":"Almadani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aly, H., and Youssef, M. (2016, January 10\u201314). Zephyr demo: Ubiquitous accurate multi-sensor fusion-based respiratory rate estimation using smartphones. Proceedings of the 35th Annual IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications, San Francisco, CA, USA.","key":"ref_5","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2016.7524401"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2848","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2015.2416682","article-title":"Distortion Minimization in Multi-Sensor Estimation Using Energy Harvesting and Energy Sharing","volume":"63","author":"Knorn","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Proc."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2012.2236320","article-title":"Energy-Efficient, Heterogeneous Sensor Selection for Physical Activity Detection in Wireless Body Area Networks","volume":"61","author":"Zois","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Proc."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6003","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2012.2208961","article-title":"Linear Decentralized Estimation of Correlated Data for Power-Constrained Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"60","author":"Behbahani","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Proc."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2011.2123891","article-title":"Linear Dimensionality Reduction for Margin-Based Classification: High-Dimensional Data and Sensor Networks","volume":"59","author":"Varshney","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Proc."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2013.09.036","article-title":"Robust distributed maximum likelihood estimation with dependent quantized data","volume":"50","author":"Shen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1109\/MCS.2009.935569","article-title":"Kalman Filtering in Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"30","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Control Syst."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2013.2294603","article-title":"Distributed Finite-Horizon Fusion Kalman Filtering for Bandwidth and Energy Constrained Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"62","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Proc."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2016.2558632","article-title":"Hybrid Sequential Fusion Estimation for Asynchronous Sensor Network-Based Target Trackin","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1109\/9.50357","article-title":"Robust stabilization of uncertain linear systems: Quadratic stabilizability and H\u221e control theory","volume":"35","author":"Khargonekar","year":"1990","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Control"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1080\/00207729808929550","article-title":"Optimal filtering schemes for linear discrete-time systems: A linear matrix inequality approach","volume":"29","author":"Palhares","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2015.2450271","article-title":"Distributed Mixed H2\/H\u221e Fusion Estimation with Limited Communication Capacity","volume":"61","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Control"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.1109\/78.622956","article-title":"A Linear Matrix Inequality Approach to Robust H\u221e Filtering","volume":"45","author":"Huaizhong","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Proc."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"741","article-title":"Robust H\u221e filtering of stochastic uncertain systems","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Control Theory Appl."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2007.09.016","article-title":"H\u221e filtering for uncertain stochastic time-delay systems with sector-bounded nonlinearities","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1239(199605)6:4<347::AID-RNC237>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"H2\/H\u221e filtering theory and an aerospace application","volume":"6","author":"Rotstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3183","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2005.851116","article-title":"New approach to mixed H2\/H\u221e filtering for polytopic discrete-time systems","volume":"53","author":"Gao","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Proc."},{"unstructured":"Liu, M., Qiu, M., Zhang, S., and Lin, Z. (July, January 30). Robust H\u221e fusion filtering for discrete-time nonlinear delayed systems with missing measurement. Proceedings of the 2010 American Control Conference, Baltimore, MD, USA.","key":"ref_22"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/103626","article-title":"Unified Finite Horizon H\u221e Fusion Filtering for Networked Dynamical System","volume":"2014","author":"Wen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Math. Probl. Eng."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"237","article-title":"Energy-efficient H\u221e fusion estimation for wireless sensor networks","volume":"43","author":"Wenan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. Technol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3193","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2009.2020748","article-title":"Power-Efficient Dimensionality Reduction for Distributed Channel-Aware Kalman Tracking Using WSN","volume":"57","author":"Zhu","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Proc."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2013.09.015","article-title":"Distributed H\u221e fusion filtering with communication bandwidth constraints","volume":"96","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Signal Proc."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/1\/56\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:55:42Z","timestamp":1760208942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/1\/56"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,27]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["s18010056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s18010056","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,27]]}}}