{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T02:03:21Z","timestamp":1792634601337,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014R1A6A1030732"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014R1A6A1030732"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017R1A2B4005499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017R1A2B4005499"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Republic of Korea","award":["2015000550002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015000550002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper demonstrates a commercial-level field-portable lens-free cell analyzer called the NaviCell (No-stain and Automated Versatile Innovative cell analyzer) capable of automatically analyzing cell count and viability without employing an optical microscope and reagents. Based on the lens-free shadow imaging technique, the NaviCell (162 \u00d7 135 \u00d7 138 mm3 and 1.02 kg) has the advantage of providing analysis results with improved standard deviation between measurement results, owing to its large field of view. Importantly, the cell counting and viability testing can be analyzed without the use of any reagent, thereby simplifying the measurement procedure and reducing potential errors during sample preparation. In this study, the performance of the NaviCell for cell counting and viability testing was demonstrated using 13 and six cell lines, respectively. Based on the results of the hemocytometer (de facto standard), the error rate (ER) and coefficient of variation (CV) of the NaviCell are approximately 3.27 and 2.16 times better than the commercial cell counter, respectively. The cell viability testing of the NaviCell also showed an ER and CV performance improvement of 5.09 and 1.8 times, respectively, demonstrating sufficient potential in the field of cell analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18010085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T10:58:47Z","timestamp":1514545127000},"page":"85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A Field-Portable Cell Analyzer without a Microscope and Reagents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7536-6643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongmin","family":"Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1545-0253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangwoo","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea"},{"name":"Maritime Safety Research Division, Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering, Daejeon 34103, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4665-3333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moonjin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maritime Safety Research Division, Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering, Daejeon 34103, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongha","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electro-Mechanical Systems Engineering, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7990-7390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sungkyu","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.btre.2015.04.004","article-title":"Validation of three viable-cell counting methods: Manual, semi-automated and automated","volume":"7","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biotechnol. 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