{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:44:43Z","timestamp":1787503483994,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A fully integrated paper microfluidic electrochemical device equipped with three different cation permeable films is developed to determine blood ions (Cl\u2212, Na+, K+, and Ca2+) at a time. These blood ions that are normally dissolved in the real human blood stream are essential for cell metabolisms and homeostasis in the human body. Abnormal concentration of blood ions causes many serious disorders. The optimized microfluidic device working without any external power source can directly and effectively separate human blood components, and subsequently detect a specific blood ion with minimized interference. The measured sensitivity to Cl\u2212, K+, Na+, and Ca2+ are \u221247.71, 45.97, 51.06, and 19.46 in mV decade\u22121, respectively. Potentiometric responses of the microfluidic devices to blood serum samples are in the normal ranges of each cation, and comparable with responses from the commercial blood ion analyzer Abbott i-Stat.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18010104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,3]],"date-time":"2018-01-03T12:00:06Z","timestamp":1514980806000},"page":"104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["A Fully Integrated Paper-Microfluidic Electrochemical Device for Simultaneous Analysis of Physiologic Blood Ions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Joon-Hyung","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyonggi University, 154-42 Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electro-Mechanical Systems Engineering, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City 339-770, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electro-Mechanical Systems Engineering, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City 339-770, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3498-0652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sam","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nam","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electro-Mechanical Systems Engineering, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City 339-770, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60982-4","article-title":"Clinical features and viral diagnosis of two cases of infection with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus: A report of nosocomial transmission","volume":"381","author":"Guery","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"140","article-title":"Lethal experimental infection of rhesus monkeys with ebola-zaire (mayinga) virus by the oral and conjunctival route of exposure","volume":"120","author":"Jaax","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. 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