{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T20:12:00Z","timestamp":1768421520240,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fusarium is a common fungal disease in grains that reduces the yield of barley and wheat. In this study, a near infrared reflectance spectroscopic technique was used with a statistical prediction model to rapidly and non-destructively discriminate grain samples contaminated with Fusarium. Reflectance spectra were acquired from hulled barley, naked barley, and wheat samples contaminated with Fusarium using near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy with a wavelength range of 1175\u20132170 nm. After measurement, the samples were cultured in a medium to discriminate contaminated samples. A partial least square discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) prediction model was developed using the acquired reflectance spectra and the culture results. The correct classification rate (CCR) of Fusarium for the hulled barley, naked barley, and wheat samples developed using raw spectra was 98% or higher. The accuracy of discrimination prediction improved when second and third-order derivative pretreatments were applied. The grains contaminated with Fusarium could be rapidly discriminated using spectroscopy technology and a PLS-DA discrimination model, and the potential of the non-destructive discrimination method could be verified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18010113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,3]],"date-time":"2018-01-03T12:00:06Z","timestamp":1514980806000},"page":"113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Application of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy for Rapid and Non-Destructive Discrimination of Hulled Barley, Naked Barley, and Wheat Contaminated with Fusarium"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2501-4367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jongguk","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, 310 Nongsaengmyeng-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju 54875, Korea"}]},{"given":"Giyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, 310 Nongsaengmyeng-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju 54875, Korea"}]},{"given":"Changyeun","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, 310 Nongsaengmyeng-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju 54875, Korea"}]},{"given":"Kyoungmin","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, 310 Nongsaengmyeng-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju 54875, Korea"}]},{"given":"Geonseob","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, 310 Nongsaengmyeng-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju 54875, Korea"}]},{"given":"Hyeonheui","family":"Ham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea"}]},{"given":"Seongmin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioindustrial Machinery Engineering, College of Agriculture &amp; Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Korea"}]},{"given":"Moon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville 20705, MD, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.11002\/kjfp.2016.23.4.530","article-title":"Quality characteristics of barley Makgeolli prepared with different barley cultivars and milling recovery","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Korean J. 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