{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:10:36Z","timestamp":1760195436926,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,6]],"date-time":"2018-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The 3Cat-3\/MOTS (3: Cube, Cat: Catalunya, 3: 3rd CubeSat mission\/Missi\u00f3 Observaci\u00f3 Terra Sat\u00e8l\u00b7lit) mission is a joint initiative between the Institut Cartogr\u00e0fic i Geol\u00f2gic de Catalunya (ICGC) and the Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech (UPC) to foster innovative Earth Observation (EO) techniques based on data fusion of Global Navigation Satellite Systems Reflectometry (GNSS-R) and optical payloads. It is based on a 6U CubeSat platform, roughly a 10 cm \u00d7 20 cm \u00d7 30 cm parallelepiped. Since 2012, there has been a fast growing trend to use small satellites, especially nanosatellites, and in particular those following the CubeSat form factor. Small satellites possess intrinsic advantages over larger platforms in terms of cost, flexibility, and scalability, and may also enable constellations, trains, federations, or fractionated satellites or payloads based on a large number of individual satellites at an affordable cost. This work summarizes the mission analysis of 3Cat-3\/MOTS, including its payload results, power budget (PB), thermal budget (TB), and data budget (DB). This mission analysis is addressed to transform EO data into territorial climate variables (soil moisture and land cover change) at the best possible achievable spatio-temporal resolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18010140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,8]],"date-time":"2018-01-08T12:26:02Z","timestamp":1515414362000},"page":"140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["3Cat-3\/MOTS Nanosatellite Mission for Optical Multispectral and GNSS-R Earth Observation: Concept and Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jordi","family":"Castellv\u00ed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Teoria del Senyal i Comunicaci\u00f3 (TSC), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut Cartogr\u00e0fic i Geol\u00f2gic de Catalunya (ICGC), Parc de Montju\u00efc, 08038 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9514-4992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriano","family":"Camps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teoria del Senyal i Comunicaci\u00f3 (TSC), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Corbera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Cartogr\u00e0fic i Geol\u00f2gic de Catalunya (ICGC), Parc de Montju\u00efc, 08038 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramon","family":"Alam\u00fas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Cartogr\u00e0fic i Geol\u00f2gic de Catalunya (ICGC), Parc de Montju\u00efc, 08038 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Lee, S., Hutputasin, A., Toorian, A., Lan, W., and Munakata, R. 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