{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T13:13:16Z","timestamp":1768914796950,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,6]],"date-time":"2018-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To reduce energy consumption and improve residents\u2019 quality of life, \u201csmart cities\u201d should use not only modern technologies, but also the social innovations of the \u201cInternet of Things\u201d (IoT) era. This article attempts to solve transport problems in a smart city\u2019s office district by utilizing gamification that incentivizes the carpooling system. The goal of the devised system is to significantly reduce the number of cars, and, consequently, to alleviate traffic jams, as well as to curb pollution and energy consumption. A representative sample of the statistical population of people working in one of the biggest office hubs in Poland (the so-called \u201cMordor of Warsaw\u201d) was surveyed. The collected data were processed using spatial data mining methods, and the results were a set of parameters for the multi-agent system. This approach made it possible to run a series of simulations on a set of 100,000 agents and to select an effective gamification methodology that supports the carpooling process. The implementation of the proposed solutions (a \u201cserious game\u201d variation of urban games) would help to reduce the number of cars by several dozen percent, significantly reduce energy consumption, eliminate traffic jams, and increase the activity of the smart city residents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18010141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,8]],"date-time":"2018-01-08T12:26:02Z","timestamp":1515414362000},"page":"141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Solving \u201cSmart City\u201d Transport Problems by Designing Carpooling Gamification Schemes with Multi-Agent Systems: The Case of the So-Called \u201cMordor of Warsaw\u201d"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1697-9367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Olszewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0006-363X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Pa\u0142ka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Turek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"United Nations (2017, April 12). 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