{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:20:11Z","timestamp":1774311611043,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]],"date-time":"2018-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Underwater acoustic communication network (UACN) has been considered as an essential infrastructure for ocean exploitation. Performance analysis of UACN is important in underwater acoustic network deployment and management. In this paper, we analyze the network throughput of three-dimensional randomly deployed transmitter\u2013receiver pairs. Due to the long delay of acoustic channels, complicated networking protocols with heavy signaling overhead may not be appropriate. In this paper, we consider only one-hop or two-hop transmission, to save the signaling cost. That is, we assume the transmitter sends the data packet to the receiver by one-hop direct transmission, or by two-hop transmission via mobile relays. We derive the closed-form formulation of packet delivery rate with respect to the transmission delay and the number of transmitter\u2013receiver pairs. The correctness of the derivation results are verified by computer simulations. Our analysis indicates how to obtain a precise tradeoff between the delay constraint and the network capacity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18010252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,17]],"date-time":"2018-01-17T04:23:44Z","timestamp":1516163024000},"page":"252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Throughput Analysis on 3-Dimensional Underwater Acoustic Network with One-Hop Mobile Relay"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510630, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1031-492X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fangjiong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510630, China"}]},{"given":"Jiasheng","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510630, China"}]},{"given":"Quansheng","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510630, China"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510630, China"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510630, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2004.10.008","article-title":"Wireless sensor networks for underwater survelliance systems","volume":"4","author":"Cayirci","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seah, W.K., and Tan, H.X. 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