{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T11:50:21Z","timestamp":1774007421027,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]],"date-time":"2018-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["17K17941"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17K17941"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["16H04219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16H04219"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To investigate the effect of aging at 580 \u00b0C in wet air (humid aging) on the oxygen adsorption on the surface of SnO2 particles, the electric properties and the sensor response to hydrogen in dry and humid atmospheres for SnO2 resistive-type gas sensors were evaluated. The electric resistance in dry and wet atmospheres at 350 \u00b0C was strongly increased by humid aging. From the results of oxygen partial pressure dependence of the electric resistance, the oxygen adsorption equilibrium constants (K1; for O\u2212 adsorption, K2; for O2\u2212 adsorption) were estimated on the basis of the theoretical model of oxygen adsorption. The K1 and K2 in dry and wet atmospheres at 350 \u00b0C were increased by humid aging at 580 \u00b0C, indicating an increase in the adsorption amount of both O\u2212 and O2\u2212. These results suggest that hydroxyl poisoning on the oxygen adsorption is suppressed by humid aging. The sensor response to hydrogen in dry and wet atmosphere at 350 \u00b0C was clearly improved by humid aging. Such an improvement of the sensor response seems to be caused by increasing the oxygen adsorption amount. Thus, the humid aging offers an effective way to improve the sensor response of SnO2 resistive-type gas sensors in dry and wet atmospheres.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18010254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,17]],"date-time":"2018-01-17T04:23:44Z","timestamp":1516163024000},"page":"254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Effect of Humid Aging on the Oxygen Adsorption in SnO2 Gas Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6170-447X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koichi","family":"Suematsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Material Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Science, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan"}]},{"given":"Masayoshi","family":"Yuasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9357-9557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Kida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan"}]},{"given":"Kengo","family":"Shimanoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Taguchi, N. (1962). Metal Oxide Gas Sensor. (No. S45-38200), Japan Patent."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/0250-6874(83)85074-4","article-title":"Use of tin dioxide sensor to control a domestic gas heater","volume":"4","author":"Ihokura","year":"1983","journal-title":"Sens. Actuat."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2018, January 10). Homepage of Figaro Engineering Inc.. Available online: http:\/\/www.figaro.co.jp\/en\/."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2018, January 10). Homepage of Nissha FIS Inc.. Available online: http:\/\/www.fisinc.co.jp\/en\/products\/."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0250-6874(82)80026-7","article-title":"Characteristics of semiconductor gas sensors I. Steady state gas response","volume":"3","author":"Clifford","year":"1982\/1983","journal-title":"Sens. Actuat."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6028(79)90411-4","article-title":"Interactions of tin oxide surface with O2, H2O and H2","volume":"86","author":"Yamazoe","year":"1979","journal-title":"Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6028(89)90574-8","article-title":"Adsorption behavior of CO and Interfering gases on SnO2","volume":"221","author":"Tamaki","year":"1989","journal-title":"Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.200600292","article-title":"Interplay between O2 and SnO2: Oxygen ionosorption and spectroscopic evidence for adsorbed oxygen","volume":"7","author":"Gurlo","year":"2006","journal-title":"ChemPhysChem"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B123","DOI":"10.1149\/2.004406jes","article-title":"Determination of Oxygen Adsorption on SnO2: Exact Analysis of Gas Sensing Properties Using a Sample Gas Pretreatment System","volume":"161","author":"Suematsu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1039\/f19878301323","article-title":"Tin dioxide gas sensors","volume":"83","author":"McAleer","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. I"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014405811371","article-title":"Conduction Model of Metal Oxide Gas Sensors","volume":"7","author":"Barsan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Electroceram."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1143\/JJAP.14.779","article-title":"ESR and Electric Conductance Studies of Fine-Powdered SnO2","volume":"14","author":"Mizokawa","year":"1975","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2010.09.015","article-title":"The effect of oxygen adsorption on catalytic activity of SnO2 in CO oxidation","volume":"169","author":"Kocemba","year":"2011","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4448","DOI":"10.1063\/1.331230","article-title":"Hall measurement studies and electrical conduction model of tin oxide ultrafine particle films","volume":"53","author":"Ogawa","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"033716","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2229802","article-title":"Conduction model of SnO2 thin films based on conductance and Hall effect measurement","volume":"100","author":"Oprea","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cplett.2005.05.107","article-title":"Water-oxygen interplay on tin dioxide surface: Implication on gas sensing","volume":"410","author":"Koziej","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.1039\/b921665k","article-title":"Interaction of water, hydrogen and their mixtures with SnO2 based materials: the role of surface hydroxyl groups in detection mechanisms","volume":"12","author":"Pavelko","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86347","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA17556A","article-title":"Surface-modification of SnO2 nanoparticles by incorporation of Al for the detection of combustible gases in a humid atmosphere","volume":"5","author":"Suematsu","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4005(91)80013-A","article-title":"Combustion monitoring sensor using tin dioxide semiconductor","volume":"3","author":"Tanaka","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sens. Actuat. B"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4005(93)01241-U","article-title":"The effect of humidity on an SnO2 thick-film planar resistor","volume":"21","author":"Ansari","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sens. Actuat. B"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1151-2916.1999.tb01896.x","article-title":"Tin Oxide Thin-Films for Aromatic Hydrocarbons Detection: Effect of Aging Time on Film Microstructure","volume":"82","author":"Nicoletti","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Ceram. Soc."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-6090(00)01011-7","article-title":"The aging on SnO2-Au thin film sensors: electrical and structural characterization","volume":"371","author":"Nelli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thin Solid Films"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6513","DOI":"10.3390\/s100706513","article-title":"Effects of High-Humidity Aging on Platinum, Palladium, and Golad Loaded Tin Oxide\u2014Volatile Organic Compound Sensors","volume":"2010","author":"Ito","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2016.01.155","article-title":"Effect of long term ageing under humid environment on the LPG sensing properties and the surface composition of Mg-doped SnO2 thin films","volume":"42","author":"Skariah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2012.01.020","article-title":"Extension of receptor function theory to include two types of adsorbed oxygen for oxide semiconductor gas sensors","volume":"163","author":"Yamazoe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sens. Actuat.B"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"1211","article-title":"Evaluation of Oxygen Adsorption Based on the Electric Properties of SnO2 Semiconductor Gas Sensors","volume":"28","author":"Suematsu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Mater."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5863","DOI":"10.1021\/am509082w","article-title":"Effect of Water Vapor on Pd-Loaded SnO2 Nanoparticles Gas Sensor","volume":"7","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201904","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4829996","article-title":"Surface reactivity and oxygen migration in amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide films annealed in humid atmosphere","volume":"103","author":"Watanabe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/1\/254\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T14:51:30Z","timestamp":1760194290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/1\/254"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["s18010254"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s18010254","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]]}}}